# qiskit.quantum_info.Operator¶

class Operator(data, input_dims=None, output_dims=None)[소스]

Matrix operator class

This represents a matrix operator $$M$$ that will evolve() a Statevector $$|\psi\rangle$$ by matrix-vector multiplication

$|\psi\rangle \mapsto M|\psi\rangle,$

and will evolve() a DensityMatrix $$\rho$$ by left and right multiplication

$\rho \mapsto M \rho M^\dagger.$

Initialize an operator object.

매개변수
• (QuantumCircuit or (data) – Instruction or BaseOperator or matrix): data to initialize operator.

• input_dims (tuple) – the input subsystem dimensions. [Default: None]

• output_dims (tuple) – the output subsystem dimensions. [Default: None]

예외

QiskitError – if input data cannot be initialized as an operator.

If the input or output dimensions are None, they will be automatically determined from the input data. If the input data is a Numpy array of shape (2**N, 2**N) qubit systems will be used. If the input operator is not an N-qubit operator, it will assign a single subsystem with dimension specified by the shape of the input.

__init__(data, input_dims=None, output_dims=None)[소스]

Initialize an operator object.

매개변수
• (QuantumCircuit or (data) – Instruction or BaseOperator or matrix): data to initialize operator.

• input_dims (tuple) – the input subsystem dimensions. [Default: None]

• output_dims (tuple) – the output subsystem dimensions. [Default: None]

예외

QiskitError – if input data cannot be initialized as an operator.

If the input or output dimensions are None, they will be automatically determined from the input data. If the input data is a Numpy array of shape (2**N, 2**N) qubit systems will be used. If the input operator is not an N-qubit operator, it will assign a single subsystem with dimension specified by the shape of the input.

Methods

 __init__(data[, input_dims, output_dims]) Initialize an operator object. Return the adjoint of the Operator. compose(other[, qargs, front]) Return the operator composition with another Operator. Return the conjugate of the Operator. Make a deep copy of current operator. dot(other[, qargs]) Return the right multiplied operator self * other. equiv(other[, rtol, atol]) Return True if operators are equivalent up to global phase. expand(other) Return the reverse-order tensor product with another Operator. from_label(label) Return a tensor product of single-qubit operators. input_dims([qargs]) Return tuple of input dimension for specified subsystems. is_unitary([atol, rtol]) Return True if operator is a unitary matrix. output_dims([qargs]) Return tuple of output dimension for specified subsystems. Return the matrix power of the operator. reshape([input_dims, output_dims, num_qubits]) Return a shallow copy with reshaped input and output subsystem dimensions. Return an Operator with reversed subsystem ordering. tensor(other) Return the tensor product with another Operator. Convert to a UnitaryGate instruction. Convert operator to matrix operator class Return the transpose of the Operator.

Attributes

 atol Default absolute tolerance parameter for float comparisons. data Return data. dim Return tuple (input_shape, output_shape). num_qubits Return the number of qubits if a N-qubit operator or None otherwise. qargs Return the qargs for the operator. rtol Default relative tolerance parameter for float comparisons.
adjoint()

Return the adjoint of the Operator.

property atol

Default absolute tolerance parameter for float comparisons.

compose(other, qargs=None, front=False)[소스]

Return the operator composition with another Operator.

매개변수
• other (Operator) – a Operator object.

• qargs (list or None) – Optional, a list of subsystem positions to apply other on. If None apply on all subsystems (default: None).

• front (bool) – If True compose using right operator multiplication, instead of left multiplication [default: False].

반환값

The composed Operator.

반환 형식

Operator

예외

QiskitError – if other cannot be converted to an operator, or has incompatible dimensions for specified subsystems.

참고

Composition (&) by default is defined as left matrix multiplication for matrix operators, while dot() is defined as right matrix multiplication. That is that A & B == A.compose(B) is equivalent to B.dot(A) when A and B are of the same type.

Setting the front=True kwarg changes this to right matrix multiplication and is equivalent to the dot() method A.dot(B) == A.compose(B, front=True).

conjugate()[소스]

Return the conjugate of the Operator.

copy()

Make a deep copy of current operator.

property data

Return data.

property dim

Return tuple (input_shape, output_shape).

dot(other, qargs=None)

Return the right multiplied operator self * other.

매개변수
• other (Operator) – an operator object.

• qargs (list or None) – Optional, a list of subsystem positions to apply other on. If None apply on all subsystems (default: None).

반환값

The right matrix multiplied Operator.

반환 형식

Operator

equiv(other, rtol=None, atol=None)[소스]

Return True if operators are equivalent up to global phase.

매개변수
• other (Operator) – an operator object.

• rtol (float) – relative tolerance value for comparison.

• atol (float) – absolute tolerance value for comparison.

반환값

True if operators are equivalent up to global phase.

반환 형식

bool

expand(other)[소스]

Return the reverse-order tensor product with another Operator.

매개변수

other (Operator) – a Operator object.

반환값

the tensor product $$b \otimes a$$, where $$a$$

is the current Operator, and $$b$$ is the other Operator.

반환 형식

Operator

classmethod from_label(label)[소스]

Return a tensor product of single-qubit operators.

매개변수

label (string) – single-qubit operator string.

반환값

The N-qubit operator.

반환 형식

Operator

예외

QiskitError – if the label contains invalid characters, or the length of the label is larger than an explicitly specified num_qubits.

The labels correspond to the single-qubit matrices: ‘I’: [[1, 0], [0, 1]] ‘X’: [[0, 1], [1, 0]] ‘Y’: [[0, -1j], [1j, 0]] ‘Z’: [[1, 0], [0, -1]] ‘H’: [[1, 1], [1, -1]] / sqrt(2) ‘S’: [[1, 0], [0 , 1j]] ‘T’: [[1, 0], [0, (1+1j) / sqrt(2)]] ‘0’: [[1, 0], [0, 0]] ‘1’: [[0, 0], [0, 1]] ‘+’: [[0.5, 0.5], [0.5 , 0.5]] ‘-’: [[0.5, -0.5], [-0.5 , 0.5]] ‘r’: [[0.5, -0.5j], [0.5j , 0.5]] ‘l’: [[0.5, 0.5j], [-0.5j , 0.5]]

input_dims(qargs=None)

Return tuple of input dimension for specified subsystems.

is_unitary(atol=None, rtol=None)[소스]

Return True if operator is a unitary matrix.

property num_qubits

Return the number of qubits if a N-qubit operator or None otherwise.

output_dims(qargs=None)

Return tuple of output dimension for specified subsystems.

power(n)[소스]

Return the matrix power of the operator.

매개변수

n (float) – the power to raise the matrix to.

반환값

the resulting operator O ** n.

반환 형식

Operator

예외

QiskitError – if the input and output dimensions of the operator are not equal.

property qargs

Return the qargs for the operator.

reshape(input_dims=None, output_dims=None, num_qubits=None)

Return a shallow copy with reshaped input and output subsystem dimensions.

매개변수
• input_dims (None or tuple) – new subsystem input dimensions. If None the original input dims will be preserved [Default: None].

• output_dims (None or tuple) – new subsystem output dimensions. If None the original output dims will be preserved [Default: None].

• num_qubits (None or int) – reshape to an N-qubit operator [Default: None].

반환값

returns self with reshaped input and output dimensions.

반환 형식

BaseOperator

예외

QiskitError – if combined size of all subsystem input dimension or subsystem output dimensions is not constant.

reverse_qargs()[소스]

Return an Operator with reversed subsystem ordering.

For a tensor product operator this is equivalent to reversing the order of tensor product subsystems. For an operator $$A = A_{n-1} \otimes ... \otimes A_0$$ the returned operator will be $$A_0 \otimes ... \otimes A_{n-1}$$.

반환값

the operator with reversed subsystem order.

반환 형식

Operator

property rtol

Default relative tolerance parameter for float comparisons.

tensor(other)[소스]

Return the tensor product with another Operator.

매개변수

other (Operator) – a Operator object.

반환값

the tensor product $$a \otimes b$$, where $$a$$

is the current Operator, and $$b$$ is the other Operator.

반환 형식

Operator

참고

The tensor product can be obtained using the ^ binary operator. Hence a.tensor(b) is equivalent to a ^ b.

to_instruction()[소스]

Convert to a UnitaryGate instruction.

to_operator()[소스]

Convert operator to matrix operator class

transpose()[소스]

Return the transpose of the Operator.