qiskit.circuit.library.QFT

class QFT(num_qubits=None, approximation_degree=0, do_swaps=True, inverse=False, insert_barriers=False, name='qft')

Quantum Fourier Transform Circuit.

The Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) on \(n\) qubits is the operation

\[|j\rangle \mapsto \frac{1}{2^{n/2}} \sum_{k=0}^{2^n - 1} e^{2\pi ijk / 2^n} |k\rangle\]

The circuit that implements this transformation can be implemented using Hadamard gates on each qubit, a series of controlled-U1 (or Z, depending on the phase) gates and a layer of Swap gates. The layer of Swap gates can in principle be dropped if the QFT appears at the end of the circuit, since then the re-ordering can be done classically. They can be turned off using the do_swaps attribute.

For 4 qubits, the circuit that implements this transformation is:

The inverse QFT can be obtained by calling the inverse method on this class. The respective circuit diagram is:

One method to reduce circuit depth is to implement the QFT approximately by ignoring controlled-phase rotations where the angle is beneath a threshold. This is discussed in more detail in https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9601018 or https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0403071.

Here, this can be adjusted using the approximation_degree attribute: the smallest approximation_degree rotation angles are dropped from the QFT. For instance, a QFT on 5 qubits with approximation degree 2 yields (the barriers are dropped in this example):

Construct a new QFT circuit.

Parameter

• num_qubits (Optional[int]) – The number of qubits on which the QFT acts.

• approximation_degree (int) – The degree of approximation (0 for no approximation).

• do_swaps (bool) – Whether to include the final swaps in the QFT.

• inverse (bool) – If True, the inverse Fourier transform is constructed.

• insert_barriers (bool) – If True, barriers are inserted as visualization improvement.

• name (str) – The name of the circuit.

__init__(num_qubits=None, approximation_degree=0, do_swaps=True, inverse=False, insert_barriers=False, name='qft')

Construct a new QFT circuit.

Parameter

• num_qubits (Optional[int]) – The number of qubits on which the QFT acts.

• approximation_degree (int) – The degree of approximation (0 for no approximation).

• do_swaps (bool) – Whether to include the final swaps in the QFT.

• inverse (bool) – If True, the inverse Fourier transform is constructed.

• insert_barriers (bool) – If True, barriers are inserted as visualization improvement.

• name (str) – The name of the circuit.

Methods

__init__([num_qubits, approximation_degree, …])	Construct a new QFT circuit.
add_calibration(gate, qubits, schedule[, params])	Register a low-level, custom pulse definition for the given gate.
add_register(*regs)	Add registers.
append(instruction[, qargs, cargs])	Append one or more instructions to the end of the circuit, modifying the circuit in place.
assign_parameters(param_dict[, inplace])	Assign parameters to new parameters or values.
barrier(*qargs)	Apply Barrier.
bind_parameters(value_dict)	Assign numeric parameters to values yielding a new circuit.
cast(value, _type)	Best effort to cast value to type.
cbit_argument_conversion(clbit_representation)	Converts several classical bit representations (such as indexes, range, etc.) into a list of classical bits.
ccx(control_qubit1, control_qubit2, target_qubit)	Apply CCXGate.
ch(control_qubit, target_qubit[, label, …])	Apply CHGate.
cls_instances()	Return the current number of instances of this class, useful for auto naming.
cls_prefix()	Return the prefix to use for auto naming.
cnot(control_qubit, target_qubit[, label, …])	Apply CXGate.
combine(rhs)	Append rhs to self if self contains compatible registers.
compose(other[, qubits, clbits, front, inplace])	Compose circuit with other circuit or instruction, optionally permuting wires.
control([num_ctrl_qubits, label, ctrl_state])	Control this circuit on num_ctrl_qubits qubits.
copy([name])	Copy the circuit.
count_ops()	Count each operation kind in the circuit.
cp(theta, control_qubit, target_qubit[, …])	Apply CPhaseGate.
crx(theta, control_qubit, target_qubit[, …])	Apply CRXGate.
cry(theta, control_qubit, target_qubit[, …])	Apply CRYGate.
crz(theta, control_qubit, target_qubit[, …])	Apply CRZGate.
cswap(control_qubit, target_qubit1, …[, …])	Apply CSwapGate.
csx(control_qubit, target_qubit[, label, …])	Apply CSXGate.
cu(theta, phi, lam, gamma, control_qubit, …)	Apply CUGate.
cu1(theta, control_qubit, target_qubit[, …])	Apply CU1Gate.
cu3(theta, phi, lam, control_qubit, target_qubit)	Apply CU3Gate.
cx(control_qubit, target_qubit[, label, …])	Apply CXGate.
cy(control_qubit, target_qubit[, label, …])	Apply CYGate.
cz(control_qubit, target_qubit[, label, …])	Apply CZGate.
dcx(qubit1, qubit2)	Apply DCXGate.
decompose()	Call a decomposition pass on this circuit, to decompose one level (shallow decompose).
delay(duration[, qarg, unit])	Apply Delay.
depth()	Return circuit depth (i.e., length of critical path).
diag_gate(diag, qubit)	Deprecated version of QuantumCircuit.diagonal.
diagonal(diag, qubit)	Attach a diagonal gate to a circuit.
draw([output, scale, filename, style, …])	Draw the quantum circuit.
extend(rhs)	Append QuantumCircuit to the right hand side if it contains compatible registers.
fredkin(control_qubit, target_qubit1, …)	Apply CSwapGate.
from_qasm_file(path)	Take in a QASM file and generate a QuantumCircuit object.
from_qasm_str(qasm_str)	Take in a QASM string and generate a QuantumCircuit object.
h(qubit)	Apply HGate.
hamiltonian(operator, time, qubits[, label])	Apply hamiltonian evolution to to qubits.
has_register(register)	Test if this circuit has the register r.
i(qubit)	Apply IGate.
id(qubit)	Apply IGate.
initialize(params, qubits)	Apply initialize to circuit.
inverse()	Invert this circuit.
is_inverse()	Whether the inverse Fourier transform is implemented.
iso(isometry, q_input, q_ancillas_for_output)	Attach an arbitrary isometry from m to n qubits to a circuit.
isometry(isometry, q_input, …[, …])	Attach an arbitrary isometry from m to n qubits to a circuit.
iswap(qubit1, qubit2)	Apply iSwapGate.
mcmt(gate, control_qubits, target_qubits[, …])	Apply a multi-control, multi-target using a generic gate.
mcp(lam, control_qubits, target_qubit)	Apply MCPhaseGate.
mcrx(theta, q_controls, q_target[, …])	Apply Multiple-Controlled X rotation gate
mcry(theta, q_controls, q_target, q_ancillae)	Apply Multiple-Controlled Y rotation gate
mcrz(lam, q_controls, q_target[, …])	Apply Multiple-Controlled Z rotation gate
mct(control_qubits, target_qubit[, …])	Apply MCXGate.
mcu1(lam, control_qubits, target_qubit)	Apply MCU1Gate.
mcx(control_qubits, target_qubit[, …])	Apply MCXGate.
measure(qubit, cbit)	Measure quantum bit into classical bit (tuples).
measure_active([inplace])	Adds measurement to all non-idle qubits.
measure_all([inplace])	Adds measurement to all qubits.
mirror()	DEPRECATED: use circuit.reverse_ops().
ms(theta, qubits)	Apply MSGate.
num_connected_components([unitary_only])	How many non-entangled subcircuits can the circuit be factored to.
num_nonlocal_gates()	Return number of non-local gates (i.e.
num_tensor_factors()	Computes the number of tensor factors in the unitary (quantum) part of the circuit only.
num_unitary_factors()	Computes the number of tensor factors in the unitary (quantum) part of the circuit only.
p(theta, qubit)	Apply PhaseGate.
power(power[, matrix_power])	Raise this circuit to the power of power.
qasm([formatted, filename])	Return OpenQASM string.
qbit_argument_conversion(qubit_representation)	Converts several qubit representations (such as indexes, range, etc.) into a list of qubits.
qubit_duration(*qubits)	Return the duration between the start and stop time of the first and last instructions, excluding delays, over the supplied qubits.
qubit_start_time(*qubits)	Return the start time of the first instruction, excluding delays, over the supplied qubits.
qubit_stop_time(*qubits)	Return the stop time of the last instruction, excluding delays, over the supplied qubits.
r(theta, phi, qubit)	Apply RGate.
rcccx(control_qubit1, control_qubit2, …)	Apply RC3XGate.
rccx(control_qubit1, control_qubit2, …)	Apply RCCXGate.
remove_final_measurements([inplace])	Removes final measurement on all qubits if they are present.
repeat(reps)	Repeat this circuit reps times.
reset(qubit)	Reset q.
reverse_bits()	Return a circuit with the opposite order of wires.
reverse_ops()	Reverse the circuit by reversing the order of instructions.
rx(theta, qubit[, label])	Apply RXGate.
rxx(theta, qubit1, qubit2)	Apply RXXGate.
ry(theta, qubit[, label])	Apply RYGate.
ryy(theta, qubit1, qubit2)	Apply RYYGate.
rz(phi, qubit)	Apply RZGate.
rzx(theta, qubit1, qubit2)	Apply RZXGate.
rzz(theta, qubit1, qubit2)	Apply RZZGate.
s(qubit)	Apply SGate.
sdg(qubit)	Apply SdgGate.
size()	Returns total number of gate operations in circuit.
snapshot(label[, snapshot_type, qubits, params])	Take a statevector snapshot of the internal simulator representation.
snapshot_density_matrix(label[, qubits])	Take a density matrix snapshot of simulator state.
snapshot_expectation_value(label, op, qubits)	Take a snapshot of expectation value <O> of an Operator.
snapshot_probabilities(label, qubits[, variance])	Take a probability snapshot of the simulator state.
snapshot_stabilizer(label)	Take a stabilizer snapshot of the simulator state.
snapshot_statevector(label)	Take a statevector snapshot of the simulator state.
squ(unitary_matrix, qubit[, mode, …])	Decompose an arbitrary 2*2 unitary into three rotation gates.
swap(qubit1, qubit2)	Apply SwapGate.
sx(qubit)	Apply SXGate.
sxdg(qubit)	Apply SXdgGate.
t(qubit)	Apply TGate.
tdg(qubit)	Apply TdgGate.
to_gate([parameter_map, label])	Create a Gate out of this circuit.
to_instruction([parameter_map])	Create an Instruction out of this circuit.
toffoli(control_qubit1, control_qubit2, …)	Apply CCXGate.
u(theta, phi, lam, qubit)	Apply UGate.
u1(theta, qubit)	Apply U1Gate.
u2(phi, lam, qubit)	Apply U2Gate.
u3(theta, phi, lam, qubit)	Apply U3Gate.
uc(gate_list, q_controls, q_target[, …])	Attach a uniformly controlled gates (also called multiplexed gates) to a circuit.
ucrx(angle_list, q_controls, q_target)	Attach a uniformly controlled (also called multiplexed) Rx rotation gate to a circuit.
ucry(angle_list, q_controls, q_target)	Attach a uniformly controlled (also called multiplexed) Ry rotation gate to a circuit.
ucrz(angle_list, q_controls, q_target)	Attach a uniformly controlled (also called multiplexed gates) Rz rotation gate to a circuit.
unitary(obj, qubits[, label])	Apply unitary gate to q.
width()	Return number of qubits plus clbits in circuit.
x(qubit[, label])	Apply XGate.
y(qubit)	Apply YGate.
z(qubit)	Apply ZGate.

Attributes

ancillas	Returns a list of ancilla bits in the order that the registers were added.
approximation_degree	The approximation degree of the QFT.
calibrations	Return calibration dictionary.
clbits	Returns a list of classical bits in the order that the registers were added.
data	Return the circuit data (instructions and context).
do_swaps	Whether the final swaps of the QFT are applied or not.
extension_lib
global_phase	Return the global phase of the circuit in radians.
header
insert_barriers	Whether barriers are inserted for better visualization or not.
instances
num_ancillas	Return the number of ancilla qubits.
num_clbits	Return number of classical bits.
num_parameters	Convenience function to get the number of parameter objects in the circuit.
num_qubits	The number of qubits in the QFT circuit.
parameters	Convenience function to get the parameters defined in the parameter table.
prefix
qregs	A list of the quantum registers associated with the circuit.
qubits	Returns a list of quantum bits in the order that the registers were added.

add_calibration(gate, qubits, schedule, params=None)

Register a low-level, custom pulse definition for the given gate.

Parameter

• gate (Union[Gate, str]) – Gate information.

• qubits (Union[int, Tuple[int]]) – List of qubits to be measured.

• schedule (Schedule) – Schedule information.

• params (Optional[List[Union[float, Parameter]]]) – A list of parameters.

Verursacht

Exception – if the gate is of type string and params is None.

add_register(*regs)

Add registers.

property ancillas

Returns a list of ancilla bits in the order that the registers were added.

append(instruction, qargs=None, cargs=None)

Append one or more instructions to the end of the circuit, modifying the circuit in place. Expands qargs and cargs.

Parameter

• instruction (qiskit.circuit.Instruction) – Instruction instance to append

• qargs (list(argument)) – qubits to attach instruction to

• cargs (list(argument)) – clbits to attach instruction to

Rückgabe

a handle to the instruction that was just added

Rückgabetyp

qiskit.circuit.Instruction

Verursacht

• CircuitError – if object passed is a subclass of Instruction

• CircuitError – if object passed is neither subclass nor an instance of Instruction

property approximation_degree

The approximation degree of the QFT.

Rückgabetyp

int

Rückgabe

The currently set approximation degree.

assign_parameters(param_dict, inplace=False)

Assign parameters to new parameters or values.

The keys of the parameter dictionary must be Parameter instances in the current circuit. The values of the dictionary can either be numeric values or new parameter objects. The values can be assigned to the current circuit object or to a copy of it.

Parameter

• param_dict (dict) – A dictionary specifying the mapping from current_parameter to new_parameter, where new_parameter can be a new parameter object or a numeric value.

• inplace (bool) – If False, a copy of the circuit with the bound parameters is returned. If True the circuit instance itself is modified.

Verursacht

CircuitError – If param_dict contains parameters not present in the circuit

Rückgabe

A copy of the circuit with bound parameters, if inplace is True, otherwise None.

Rückgabetyp

Optional(QuantumCircuit)

Examples

>>> from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit, Parameter
>>> circuit = QuantumCircuit(2)
>>> params = [Parameter('A'), Parameter('B'), Parameter('C')]
>>> circuit.ry(params[0], 0)
>>> circuit.crx(params[1], 0, 1)
>>> circuit.draw()
        ┌───────┐
q_0: |0>┤ Ry(A) ├────■────
        └───────┘┌───┴───┐
q_1: |0>─────────┤ Rx(B) ├
                 └───────┘
>>> circuit.assign_parameters({params[0]: params[2]}, inplace=True)
>>> circuit.draw()
        ┌───────┐
q_0: |0>┤ Ry(C) ├────■────
        └───────┘┌───┴───┐
q_1: |0>─────────┤ Rx(B) ├
                 └───────┘
>>> bound_circuit = circuit.assign_parameters({params[1]: 1, params[2]: 2})
>>> bound_circuit.draw()
        ┌───────┐
q_0: |0>┤ Ry(2) ├────■────
        └───────┘┌───┴───┐
q_1: |0>─────────┤ Rx(1) ├
                 └───────┘
>>> bound_circuit.parameters  # this one has no free parameters anymore
set()
>>> circuit.parameters  # the original one is still parameterized
{Parameter(A), Parameter(C)}

barrier(*qargs)

Apply Barrier. If qargs is None, applies to all.

bind_parameters(value_dict)

Assign numeric parameters to values yielding a new circuit.

To assign new Parameter objects or bind the values in-place, without yielding a new circuit, use the assign_parameters() method.

Parameter

value_dict (dict) – {parameter: value, …}

Verursacht

• CircuitError – If value_dict contains parameters not present in the circuit

• TypeError – If value_dict contains a ParameterExpression in the values.

Rückgabe

copy of self with assignment substitution.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

property calibrations

Return calibration dictionary.

The custom pulse definition of a given gate is of the form

{‚gate_name‘: {(qubits, params): schedule}}

static cast(value, _type)

Best effort to cast value to type. Otherwise, returns the value.

cbit_argument_conversion(clbit_representation)

Converts several classical bit representations (such as indexes, range, etc.) into a list of classical bits.

Parameter

clbit_representation (Object) – representation to expand

Rückgabe

Where each tuple is a classical bit.

Rückgabetyp

List(tuple)

ccx(control_qubit1, control_qubit2, target_qubit)

Apply CCXGate.

ch(control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CHGate.

property clbits

Returns a list of classical bits in the order that the registers were added.

classmethod cls_instances()

Return the current number of instances of this class, useful for auto naming.

classmethod cls_prefix()

Return the prefix to use for auto naming.

cnot(control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CXGate.

combine(rhs)

Append rhs to self if self contains compatible registers.

Two circuits are compatible if they contain the same registers or if they contain different registers with unique names. The returned circuit will contain all unique registers between both circuits.

Return self + rhs as a new object.

Parameter

rhs (QuantumCircuit) – The quantum circuit to append to the right hand side.

Rückgabe

Returns a new QuantumCircuit object

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

QiskitError – if the rhs circuit is not compatible

compose(other, qubits=None, clbits=None, front=False, inplace=False)

Compose circuit with other circuit or instruction, optionally permuting wires.

other can be narrower or of equal width to self.

Parameter

• other (qiskit.circuit.Instruction or QuantumCircuit or BaseOperator) – (sub)circuit to compose onto self.

• qubits (list[Qubit|int]) – qubits of self to compose onto.

• clbits (list[Clbit|int]) – clbits of self to compose onto.

• front (bool) – If True, front composition will be performed (not implemented yet).

• inplace (bool) – If True, modify the object. Otherwise return composed circuit.

Rückgabe

the composed circuit (returns None if inplace==True).

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

• CircuitError – if composing on the front.

• QiskitError – if other is wider or there are duplicate edge mappings.

Examples

>>> lhs.compose(rhs, qubits=[3, 2], inplace=True)

            ┌───┐                   ┌─────┐                ┌───┐
lqr_1_0: ───┤ H ├───    rqr_0: ──■──┤ Tdg ├    lqr_1_0: ───┤ H ├───────────────
            ├───┤              ┌─┴─┐└─────┘                ├───┤
lqr_1_1: ───┤ X ├───    rqr_1: ┤ X ├───────    lqr_1_1: ───┤ X ├───────────────
         ┌──┴───┴──┐           └───┘                    ┌──┴───┴──┐┌───┐
lqr_1_2: ┤ U1(0.1) ├  +                     =  lqr_1_2: ┤ U1(0.1) ├┤ X ├───────
         └─────────┘                                    └─────────┘└─┬─┘┌─────┐
lqr_2_0: ─────■─────                           lqr_2_0: ─────■───────■──┤ Tdg ├
            ┌─┴─┐                                          ┌─┴─┐        └─────┘
lqr_2_1: ───┤ X ├───                           lqr_2_1: ───┤ X ├───────────────
            └───┘                                          └───┘
lcr_0: 0 ═══════════                           lcr_0: 0 ═══════════════════════

lcr_1: 0 ═══════════                           lcr_1: 0 ═══════════════════════

control(num_ctrl_qubits=1, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Control this circuit on num_ctrl_qubits qubits.

Parameter

• num_ctrl_qubits (int) – The number of control qubits.

• label (str) – An optional label to give the controlled operation for visualization.

• ctrl_state (str or int) – The control state in decimal or as a bitstring (e.g. ‚111‘). If None, use 2**num_ctrl_qubits - 1.

Rückgabe

The controlled version of this circuit.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

CircuitError – If the circuit contains a non-unitary operation and cannot be controlled.

copy(name=None)

Copy the circuit.

Parameter

name (str) – name to be given to the copied circuit. If None, then the name stays the same

Rückgabe

a deepcopy of the current circuit, with the specified name

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

count_ops()

Count each operation kind in the circuit.

Rückgabe

a breakdown of how many operations of each kind, sorted by amount.

Rückgabetyp

OrderedDict

cp(theta, control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CPhaseGate.

crx(theta, control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CRXGate.

cry(theta, control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CRYGate.

crz(theta, control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CRZGate.

cswap(control_qubit, target_qubit1, target_qubit2, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CSwapGate.

csx(control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CSXGate.

cu(theta, phi, lam, gamma, control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CUGate.

cu1(theta, control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CU1Gate.

cu3(theta, phi, lam, control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CU3Gate.

cx(control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CXGate.

cy(control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CYGate.

cz(control_qubit, target_qubit, label=None, ctrl_state=None)

Apply CZGate.

property data

Return the circuit data (instructions and context).

Rückgabe

a list-like object containing the tuples for the circuit’s data.

Each tuple is in the format (instruction, qargs, cargs), where instruction is an Instruction (or subclass) object, qargs is a list of Qubit objects, and cargs is a list of Clbit objects.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuitData

dcx(qubit1, qubit2)

Apply DCXGate.

decompose()

Call a decomposition pass on this circuit, to decompose one level (shallow decompose).

Rückgabe

a circuit one level decomposed

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

delay(duration, qarg=None, unit='dt')

Apply Delay. If qarg is None, applies to all qubits. When applying to multiple qubits, delays with the same duration will be created.

Parameter

• duration (int or float) – duration of the delay.

• qarg (Object) – qubit argument to apply this delay.

• unit (str) – unit of the duration. Supported units: ‚s‘, ‚ms‘, ‚us‘, ‚ns‘, ‚ps‘, ‚dt‘. Default is dt, i.e. integer time unit depending on the target backend.

Rückgabe

the attached delay instruction.

Rückgabetyp

qiskit.Instruction

Verursacht

CircuitError – if arguments have bad format.

depth()

Return circuit depth (i.e., length of critical path). This does not include compiler or simulator directives such as ‚barrier‘ or ‚snapshot‘.

Rückgabe

Depth of circuit.

Rückgabetyp

int

Notes

The circuit depth and the DAG depth need not be the same.

diag_gate(diag, qubit)

Deprecated version of QuantumCircuit.diagonal.

diagonal(diag, qubit)

Attach a diagonal gate to a circuit.

The decomposition is based on Theorem 7 given in „Synthesis of Quantum Logic Circuits“ by Shende et al. (https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0406176.pdf).

Parameter

• diag (list) – list of the 2^k diagonal entries (for a diagonal gate on k qubits). Must contain at least two entries

• qubit (QuantumRegister|list) – list of k qubits the diagonal is acting on (the order of the qubits specifies the computational basis in which the diagonal gate is provided: the first element in diag acts on the state where all the qubits in q are in the state 0, the second entry acts on the state where all the qubits q[1],…,q[k-1] are in the state zero and q[0] is in the state 1, and so on)

Rückgabe

the diagonal gate which was attached to the circuit.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

QiskitError – if the list of the diagonal entries or the qubit list is in bad format; if the number of diagonal entries is not 2^k, where k denotes the number of qubits

property do_swaps

Whether the final swaps of the QFT are applied or not.

Rückgabetyp

bool

Rückgabe

True, if the final swaps are applied, False if not.

draw(output=None, scale=None, filename=None, style=None, interactive=False, plot_barriers=True, reverse_bits=False, justify=None, vertical_compression='medium', idle_wires=True, with_layout=True, fold=None, ax=None, initial_state=False, cregbundle=True)

Draw the quantum circuit.

text: ASCII art TextDrawing that can be printed in the console.

latex: high-quality images compiled via LaTeX.

latex_source: raw uncompiled LaTeX output.

matplotlib: images with color rendered purely in Python.

Parameter

• output (str) – Select the output method to use for drawing the circuit. Valid choices are text, latex, latex_source, or mpl. By default the ‚text‘ drawer is used unless a user config file has an alternative backend set as the default. If the output kwarg is set, that backend will always be used over the default in a user config file.

• scale (float) – scale of image to draw (shrink if < 1)

• filename (str) – file path to save image to

• style (dict or str) – dictionary of style or file name of style file. This option is only used by the mpl output type. If a str is passed in that is the path to a json file which contains a dictionary of style, then that will be opened, parsed, and used as the input dict. See: Style Dict Doc for more information on the contents.

• interactive (bool) – when set true show the circuit in a new window (for mpl this depends on the matplotlib backend being used supporting this). Note when used with either the text or the latex_source output type this has no effect and will be silently ignored.

• reverse_bits (bool) – When set to True, reverse the bit order inside registers for the output visualization.

• plot_barriers (bool) – Enable/disable drawing barriers in the output circuit. Defaults to True.

• justify (string) – Options are left, right or none. If anything else is supplied it defaults to left justified. It refers to where gates should be placed in the output circuit if there is an option. none results in each gate being placed in its own column.

• vertical_compression (string) – high, medium or low. It merges the lines generated by the text output so the drawing will take less vertical room. Default is medium. Only used by the text output, will be silently ignored otherwise.

• idle_wires (bool) – Include idle wires (wires with no circuit elements) in output visualization. Default is True.

• with_layout (bool) – Include layout information, with labels on the physical layout. Default is True.

• fold (int) – Sets pagination. It can be disabled using -1. In text, sets the length of the lines. This is useful when the drawing does not fit in the console. If None (default), it will try to guess the console width using shutil. get_terminal_size(). However, if running in jupyter, the default line length is set to 80 characters. In mpl is the number of (visual) layers before folding. Default is 25.

• ax (matplotlib.axes.Axes) – An optional Axes object to be used for the visualization output. If none is specified, a new matplotlib Figure will be created and used. Additionally, if specified, there will be no returned Figure since it is redundant. This is only used when the output kwarg is set to use the mpl backend. It will be silently ignored with all other outputs.

• initial_state (bool) – Optional. Adds |0> in the beginning of the wire. Only used by the text, latex and latex_source outputs. Default: False.

• cregbundle (bool) – Optional. If set True bundle classical registers. Not used by the matplotlib output. Default: True.

Rückgabe

PIL.Image or matplotlib.figure or str or TextDrawing:

• PIL.Image (output=‘latex‘)

  an in-memory representation of the image of the circuit diagram.

• matplotlib.figure.Figure (output=‘mpl‘)

  a matplotlib figure object for the circuit diagram.

• str (output=‘latex_source‘)

  The LaTeX source code for visualizing the circuit diagram.

• TextDrawing (output=‘text‘)

  A drawing that can be printed as ASCII art.

Verursacht

• VisualizationError – when an invalid output method is selected

• ImportError – when the output methods require non-installed libraries

Style Dict Details

The style dict kwarg contains numerous options that define the style of the output circuit visualization. The style dict is only used by the mpl output. The options available in the style dict are defined below:

Parameter

• name (str) – The name of the style. The name can be set to ‚iqx‘, ‚bw‘, or ‚default‘. This overrides the setting in the ‚~/.qiskit/settings.conf‘ file.

• textcolor (str) – The color code to use for text. Defaults to ‚#000000‘

• subtextcolor (str) – The color code to use for subtext. Defaults to ‚#000000‘

• linecolor (str) – The color code to use for lines. Defaults to ‚#000000‘

• creglinecolor (str) – The color code to use for classical register lines. Defaults to ‚#778899‘

• gatetextcolor (str) – The color code to use for gate text. Defaults to ‚#000000‘

• gatefacecolor (str) – The color code to use for gates. Defaults to ‚#ffffff‘

• barrierfacecolor (str) – The color code to use for barriers. Defaults to ‚#bdbdbd‘

• backgroundcolor (str) – The color code to use for the background. Defaults to ‚#ffffff‘

• fontsize (int) – The font size to use for text. Defaults to 13.

• subfontsize (int) – The font size to use for subtext. Defaults to 8.

• displaytext (dict) –

  A dictionary of the text to use for each element type in the output visualization. The default values are:

  {
      'id': 'id',
      'u0': 'U_0',
      'u1': 'U_1',
      'u2': 'U_2',
      'u3': 'U_3',
      'x': 'X',
      'y': 'Y',
      'z': 'Z',
      'h': 'H',
      's': 'S',
      'sdg': 'S^\dagger',
      't': 'T',
      'tdg': 'T^\dagger',
      'rx': 'R_x',
      'ry': 'R_y',
      'rz': 'R_z',
      'reset': '\left|0\right\rangle'
  }
  

  You must specify all the necessary values if using this. There is no provision for passing an incomplete dict in.

• displaycolor (dict) –

  The color codes to use for each circuit element in the form (gate_color, text_color). The default values are:

  {
      'u1': ('#FA74A6', '#000000'),
      'u2': ('#FA74A6', '#000000'),
      'u3': ('#FA74A6', '#000000'),
      'id': ('#05BAB6', '#000000'),
      'x': ('#05BAB6', '#000000'),
      'y': ('#05BAB6', '#000000'),
      'z': ('#05BAB6', '#000000'),
      'h': ('#6FA4FF', '#000000'),
      'cx': ('#6FA4FF', '#000000'),
      'cy': ('#6FA4FF', '#000000'),
      'cz': ('#6FA4FF', '#000000'),
      'swap': ('#6FA4FF', '#000000'),
      's': ('#6FA4FF', '#000000'),
      'sdg': ('#6FA4FF', '#000000'),
      'dcx': ('#6FA4FF', '#000000'),
      'iswap': ('#6FA4FF', '#000000'),
      't': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'tdg': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'r': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'rx': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'ry': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'rz': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'rxx': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'ryy': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'rzx': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'reset': ('#000000', #FFFFFF'),
      'target': ('#FFFFFF, '#FFFFFF'),
      'measure': ('#000000', '#FFFFFF'),
      'ccx': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'cdcx': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'ccdcx': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'cswap': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'ccswap': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'mcx': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'mcx_gray': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000),
      'u': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'p': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'sx': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000'),
      'sxdg': ('#BB8BFF', '#000000')
  }
  

  Colors can also be entered without the text color, such as ‚u1‘: ‚#FA74A6‘, in which case the text color will always be ‚gatetextcolor‘. The ‚displaycolor‘ dict can contain any number of elements from one to the entire dict above.

• latexdrawerstyle (bool) – When set to True, enable LaTeX mode, which will draw gates like the latex output modes.

• usepiformat (bool) – When set to True, use radians for output.

• fold (int) – The number of circuit elements to fold the circuit at. Defaults to 20.

• cregbundle (bool) – If set True, bundle classical registers

• showindex (bool) – If set True, draw an index.

• compress (bool) – If set True, draw a compressed circuit.

• figwidth (int) – The maximum width (in inches) for the output figure.

• dpi (int) – The DPI to use for the output image. Defaults to 150.

• margin (list) – A list of margin values to adjust spacing around output image. Takes a list of 4 ints: [x left, x right, y bottom, y top].

• creglinestyle (str) – The style of line to use for classical registers. Choices are ‚solid‘, ‚doublet‘, or any valid matplotlib linestyle kwarg value. Defaults to doublet

extend(rhs)

Append QuantumCircuit to the right hand side if it contains compatible registers.

Two circuits are compatible if they contain the same registers or if they contain different registers with unique names. The returned circuit will contain all unique registers between both circuits.

Modify and return self.

Parameter

rhs (QuantumCircuit) – The quantum circuit to append to the right hand side.

Rückgabe

Returns this QuantumCircuit object (which has been modified)

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

QiskitError – if the rhs circuit is not compatible

fredkin(control_qubit, target_qubit1, target_qubit2)

Apply CSwapGate.

static from_qasm_file(path)

Take in a QASM file and generate a QuantumCircuit object.

Parameter

path (str) – Path to the file for a QASM program

Rückgabe

The QuantumCircuit object for the input QASM

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

static from_qasm_str(qasm_str)

Take in a QASM string and generate a QuantumCircuit object.

Parameter

qasm_str (str) – A QASM program string

Rückgabe

The QuantumCircuit object for the input QASM

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

property global_phase

Return the global phase of the circuit in radians.

h(qubit)

Apply HGate.

hamiltonian(operator, time, qubits, label=None)

Apply hamiltonian evolution to to qubits.

has_register(register)

Test if this circuit has the register r.

Parameter

register (Register) – a quantum or classical register.

Rückgabe

True if the register is contained in this circuit.

Rückgabetyp

bool

i(qubit)

Apply IGate.

id(qubit)

Apply IGate.

initialize(params, qubits)

Apply initialize to circuit.

property insert_barriers

Whether barriers are inserted for better visualization or not.

Rückgabetyp

bool

Rückgabe

True, if barriers are inserted, False if not.

inverse()

Invert this circuit.

Rückgabetyp

QFT

Rückgabe

The inverted circuit.

is_inverse()

Whether the inverse Fourier transform is implemented.

Rückgabetyp

bool

Rückgabe

True, if the inverse Fourier transform is implemented, False otherwise.

iso(isometry, q_input, q_ancillas_for_output, q_ancillas_zero=None, q_ancillas_dirty=None)

Attach an arbitrary isometry from m to n qubits to a circuit. In particular, this allows to attach arbitrary unitaries on n qubits (m=n) or to prepare any state on n qubits (m=0). The decomposition used here was introduced by Iten et al. in https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06911.

Parameter

• isometry (ndarray) – an isometry from m to n qubits, i.e., a (complex) ndarray of dimension 2^n×2^m with orthonormal columns (given in the computational basis specified by the order of the ancillas and the input qubits, where the ancillas are considered to be more significant than the input qubits.).

• q_input (QuantumRegister|list[Qubit]) – list of m qubits where the input to the isometry is fed in (empty list for state preparation).

• q_ancillas_for_output (QuantumRegister|list[Qubit]) – list of n-m ancilla qubits that are used for the output of the isometry and which are assumed to start in the zero state. The qubits are listed with increasing significance.

• q_ancillas_zero (QuantumRegister|list[Qubit]) – list of ancilla qubits which are assumed to start in the zero state. Default is q_ancillas_zero = None.

• q_ancillas_dirty (QuantumRegister|list[Qubit]) – list of ancilla qubits which can start in an arbitrary state. Default is q_ancillas_dirty = None.

Rückgabe

the isometry is attached to the quantum circuit.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

QiskitError – if the array is not an isometry of the correct size corresponding to the provided number of qubits.

isometry(isometry, q_input, q_ancillas_for_output, q_ancillas_zero=None, q_ancillas_dirty=None)

Attach an arbitrary isometry from m to n qubits to a circuit. In particular, this allows to attach arbitrary unitaries on n qubits (m=n) or to prepare any state on n qubits (m=0). The decomposition used here was introduced by Iten et al. in https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06911.

Parameter

• isometry (ndarray) – an isometry from m to n qubits, i.e., a (complex) ndarray of dimension 2^n×2^m with orthonormal columns (given in the computational basis specified by the order of the ancillas and the input qubits, where the ancillas are considered to be more significant than the input qubits.).

• q_input (QuantumRegister|list[Qubit]) – list of m qubits where the input to the isometry is fed in (empty list for state preparation).

• q_ancillas_for_output (QuantumRegister|list[Qubit]) – list of n-m ancilla qubits that are used for the output of the isometry and which are assumed to start in the zero state. The qubits are listed with increasing significance.

• q_ancillas_zero (QuantumRegister|list[Qubit]) – list of ancilla qubits which are assumed to start in the zero state. Default is q_ancillas_zero = None.

• q_ancillas_dirty (QuantumRegister|list[Qubit]) – list of ancilla qubits which can start in an arbitrary state. Default is q_ancillas_dirty = None.

Rückgabe

the isometry is attached to the quantum circuit.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

QiskitError – if the array is not an isometry of the correct size corresponding to the provided number of qubits.

iswap(qubit1, qubit2)

Apply iSwapGate.

mcmt(gate, control_qubits, target_qubits, ancilla_qubits=None, mode='noancilla', *, single_control_gate_fun=None, q_controls=None, q_ancillae=None, q_targets=None)

Apply a multi-control, multi-target using a generic gate.

This can also be used to implement a generic multi-control gate, as the target could also be of length 1.

mcp(lam, control_qubits, target_qubit)

Apply MCPhaseGate.

mcrx(theta, q_controls, q_target, use_basis_gates=False)

Apply Multiple-Controlled X rotation gate

Parameter

• self (QuantumCircuit) – The QuantumCircuit object to apply the mcrx gate on.

• theta (float) – angle theta

• q_controls (list(Qubit)) – The list of control qubits

• q_target (Qubit) – The target qubit

• use_basis_gates (bool) – use p, u, cx

Verursacht

QiskitError – parameter errors

mcry(theta, q_controls, q_target, q_ancillae, mode=None, use_basis_gates=False)

Apply Multiple-Controlled Y rotation gate

Parameter

• self (QuantumCircuit) – The QuantumCircuit object to apply the mcry gate on.

• theta (float) – angle theta

• q_controls (list(Qubit)) – The list of control qubits

• q_target (Qubit) – The target qubit

• q_ancillae (QuantumRegister or tuple(QuantumRegister, int)) – The list of ancillary qubits.

• mode (string) – The implementation mode to use

• use_basis_gates (bool) – use p, u, cx

Verursacht

QiskitError – parameter errors

mcrz(lam, q_controls, q_target, use_basis_gates=False)

Apply Multiple-Controlled Z rotation gate

Parameter

• self (QuantumCircuit) – The QuantumCircuit object to apply the mcrz gate on.

• lam (float) – angle lambda

• q_controls (list(Qubit)) – The list of control qubits

• q_target (Qubit) – The target qubit

• use_basis_gates (bool) – use p, u, cx

Verursacht

QiskitError – parameter errors

mct(control_qubits, target_qubit, ancilla_qubits=None, mode='noancilla')

Apply MCXGate.

mcu1(lam, control_qubits, target_qubit)

Apply MCU1Gate.

mcx(control_qubits, target_qubit, ancilla_qubits=None, mode='noancilla')

Apply MCXGate.

The multi-cX gate can be implemented using different techniques, which use different numbers of ancilla qubits and have varying circuit depth. These modes are: - ‚no-ancilla‘: Requires 0 ancilla qubits. - ‚recursion‘: Requires 1 ancilla qubit if more than 4 controls are used, otherwise 0. - ‚v-chain‘: Requires 2 less ancillas than the number of control qubits. - ‚v-chain-dirty‘: Same as for the clean ancillas (but the circuit will be longer).

measure(qubit, cbit)

Measure quantum bit into classical bit (tuples).

Parameter

• qubit (QuantumRegister|list|tuple) – quantum register

• cbit (ClassicalRegister|list|tuple) – classical register

Rückgabe

the attached measure instruction.

Rückgabetyp

qiskit.Instruction

Verursacht

CircuitError – if qubit is not in this circuit or bad format; if cbit is not in this circuit or not creg.

measure_active(inplace=True)

Adds measurement to all non-idle qubits. Creates a new ClassicalRegister with a size equal to the number of non-idle qubits being measured.

Returns a new circuit with measurements if inplace=False.

Parameter

inplace (bool) – All measurements inplace or return new circuit.

Rückgabe

Returns circuit with measurements when inplace = False.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

measure_all(inplace=True)

Adds measurement to all qubits. Creates a new ClassicalRegister with a size equal to the number of qubits being measured.

Returns a new circuit with measurements if inplace=False.

Parameter

inplace (bool) – All measurements inplace or return new circuit.

Rückgabe

Returns circuit with measurements when inplace = False.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

mirror()

DEPRECATED: use circuit.reverse_ops().

Rückgabe

the reversed circuit.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

ms(theta, qubits)

Apply MSGate.

property num_ancillas

Return the number of ancilla qubits.

property num_clbits

Return number of classical bits.

num_connected_components(unitary_only=False)

How many non-entangled subcircuits can the circuit be factored to.

Parameter

unitary_only (bool) – Compute only unitary part of graph.

Rückgabe

Number of connected components in circuit.

Rückgabetyp

int

num_nonlocal_gates()

Return number of non-local gates (i.e. involving 2+ qubits).

Conditional nonlocal gates are also included.

property num_parameters

Convenience function to get the number of parameter objects in the circuit.

property num_qubits

The number of qubits in the QFT circuit.

Rückgabetyp

int

Rückgabe

The number of qubits in the circuit.

Bemerkung

This method needs to be overwritten to allow adding the setter for num_qubits while still complying to pylint.

num_tensor_factors()

Computes the number of tensor factors in the unitary (quantum) part of the circuit only.

Notes

This is here for backwards compatibility, and will be removed in a future release of Qiskit. You should call num_unitary_factors instead.

num_unitary_factors()

Computes the number of tensor factors in the unitary (quantum) part of the circuit only.

p(theta, qubit)

Apply PhaseGate.

property parameters

Convenience function to get the parameters defined in the parameter table.

power(power, matrix_power=False)

Raise this circuit to the power of power.

If power is a positive integer and matrix_power is False, this implementation defaults to calling repeat. Otherwise, if the circuit is unitary, the matrix is computed to calculate the matrix power.

Parameter

• power (int) – The power to raise this circuit to.

• matrix_power (bool) – If True, the circuit is converted to a matrix and then the matrix power is computed. If False, and power is a positive integer, the implementation defaults to repeat.

Verursacht

CircuitError – If the circuit needs to be converted to a gate but it is not unitary.

Rückgabe

A circuit implementing this circuit raised to the power of power.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

qasm(formatted=False, filename=None)

Return OpenQASM string.

Parameter

• formatted (bool) – Return formatted Qasm string.

• filename (str) – Save Qasm to file with name ‚filename‘.

Rückgabe

If formatted=False.

Rückgabetyp

str

Verursacht

ImportError – If pygments is not installed and formatted is True.

qbit_argument_conversion(qubit_representation)

Converts several qubit representations (such as indexes, range, etc.) into a list of qubits.

Parameter

qubit_representation (Object) – representation to expand

Rückgabe

Where each tuple is a qubit.

Rückgabetyp

List(tuple)

property qregs

A list of the quantum registers associated with the circuit.

qubit_duration(*qubits)

Return the duration between the start and stop time of the first and last instructions, excluding delays, over the supplied qubits. Its time unit is self.unit.

Parameter

*qubits – Qubits within self to include.

Rückgabetyp

Union[int, float]

Rückgabe

Return the duration between the first start and last stop time of non-delay instructions

qubit_start_time(*qubits)

Return the start time of the first instruction, excluding delays, over the supplied qubits. Its time unit is self.unit.

Return 0 if there are no instructions over qubits

Parameter

• *qubits – Qubits within self to include. Integers are allowed for qubits, indicating

• of self.qubits. (indices) –

Rückgabetyp

Union[int, float]

Rückgabe

Return the start time of the first instruction, excluding delays, over the qubits

Verursacht

CircuitError – if self is a not-yet scheduled circuit.

qubit_stop_time(*qubits)

Return the stop time of the last instruction, excluding delays, over the supplied qubits. Its time unit is self.unit.

Return 0 if there are no instructions over qubits

Parameter

• *qubits – Qubits within self to include. Integers are allowed for qubits, indicating

• of self.qubits. (indices) –

Rückgabetyp

Union[int, float]

Rückgabe

Return the stop time of the last instruction, excluding delays, over the qubits

Verursacht

CircuitError – if self is a not-yet scheduled circuit.

property qubits

Returns a list of quantum bits in the order that the registers were added.

r(theta, phi, qubit)

Apply RGate.

rcccx(control_qubit1, control_qubit2, control_qubit3, target_qubit)

Apply RC3XGate.

rccx(control_qubit1, control_qubit2, target_qubit)

Apply RCCXGate.

remove_final_measurements(inplace=True)

Removes final measurement on all qubits if they are present. Deletes the ClassicalRegister that was used to store the values from these measurements if it is idle.

Returns a new circuit without measurements if inplace=False.

Parameter

inplace (bool) – All measurements removed inplace or return new circuit.

Rückgabe

Returns circuit with measurements removed when inplace = False.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

repeat(reps)

Repeat this circuit reps times.

Parameter

reps (int) – How often this circuit should be repeated.

Rückgabe

A circuit containing reps repetitions of this circuit.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

reset(qubit)

Reset q.

reverse_bits()

Return a circuit with the opposite order of wires.

The circuit is „vertically“ flipped. If a circuit is defined over multiple registers, the resulting circuit will have the same registers but with their order flipped.

This method is useful for converting a circuit written in little-endian convention to the big-endian equivalent, and vice versa.

Rückgabe

the circuit with reversed bit order.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Examples

input:

┌───┐

q_0: ┤ H ├─────■──────

└───┘┌────┴─────┐

q_1: ─────┤ RX(1.57) ├

└──────────┘

output:

┌──────────┐

q_0: ─────┤ RX(1.57) ├

┌───┐└────┬─────┘

q_1: ┤ H ├─────■──────

└───┘

reverse_ops()

Reverse the circuit by reversing the order of instructions.

This is done by recursively reversing all instructions. It does not invert (adjoint) any gate.

Rückgabe

the reversed circuit.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Examples

input:

┌───┐

q_0: ┤ H ├─────■──────

└───┘┌────┴─────┐

q_1: ─────┤ RX(1.57) ├

└──────────┘

output:

┌───┐

q_0: ─────■──────┤ H ├

┌────┴─────┐└───┘

q_1: ┤ RX(1.57) ├─────

└──────────┘

rx(theta, qubit, label=None)

Apply RXGate.

rxx(theta, qubit1, qubit2)

Apply RXXGate.

ry(theta, qubit, label=None)

Apply RYGate.

ryy(theta, qubit1, qubit2)

Apply RYYGate.

rz(phi, qubit)

Apply RZGate.

rzx(theta, qubit1, qubit2)

Apply RZXGate.

rzz(theta, qubit1, qubit2)

Apply RZZGate.

s(qubit)

Apply SGate.

sdg(qubit)

Apply SdgGate.

size()

Returns total number of gate operations in circuit.

Rückgabe

Total number of gate operations.

Rückgabetyp

int

snapshot(label, snapshot_type='statevector', qubits=None, params=None)

Take a statevector snapshot of the internal simulator representation. Works on all qubits, and prevents reordering (like barrier). :param label: a snapshot label to report the result :type label: str :param snapshot_type: the type of the snapshot. :type snapshot_type: str :param qubits: the qubits to apply snapshot to [Default: None]. :type qubits: list or None :param params: the parameters for snapshot_type [Default: None]. :type params: list or None

Rückgabe

with attached command

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

ExtensionError – malformed command

snapshot_density_matrix(label, qubits=None)

Take a density matrix snapshot of simulator state.

Parameter

• label (str) – a snapshot label to report the result

• qubits (list or None) – the qubits to apply snapshot to. If None all qubits will be snapshot [Default: None].

Rückgabe

with attached instruction.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

ExtensionError – if snapshot is invalid.

snapshot_expectation_value(label, op, qubits, single_shot=False, variance=False)

Take a snapshot of expectation value <O> of an Operator.

Parameter

• label (str) – a snapshot label to report the result

• op (Operator) – operator to snapshot

• qubits (list) – the qubits to snapshot.

• single_shot (bool) – return list for each shot rather than average [Default: False]

• variance (bool) – compute variance of values [Default: False]

Rückgabe

with attached instruction.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

ExtensionError – if snapshot is invalid.

snapshot_probabilities(label, qubits, variance=False)

Take a probability snapshot of the simulator state.

Parameter

• label (str) – a snapshot label to report the result

• qubits (list) – the qubits to snapshot.

• variance (bool) – compute variance of probabilities [Default: False]

Rückgabe

with attached instruction.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

ExtensionError – if snapshot is invalid.

snapshot_stabilizer(label)

Take a stabilizer snapshot of the simulator state.

Parameter

label (str) – a snapshot label to report the result.

Rückgabe

with attached instruction.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

ExtensionError – if snapshot is invalid.

Additional Information:

This snapshot is always performed on all qubits in a circuit. The number of qubits parameter specifies the size of the instruction as a barrier and should be set to the number of qubits in the circuit.

snapshot_statevector(label)

Take a statevector snapshot of the simulator state.

Parameter

label (str) – a snapshot label to report the result.

Rückgabe

with attached instruction.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

ExtensionError – if snapshot is invalid.

Additional Information:

This snapshot is always performed on all qubits in a circuit. The number of qubits parameter specifies the size of the instruction as a barrier and should be set to the number of qubits in the circuit.

squ(unitary_matrix, qubit, mode='ZYZ', up_to_diagonal=False, *, u=None)

Decompose an arbitrary 2*2 unitary into three rotation gates.

Note that the decomposition is up to a global phase shift. (This is a well known decomposition, which can be found for example in Nielsen and Chuang’s book „Quantum computation and quantum information“.)

Parameter

• unitary_matrix (ndarray) – 2*2 unitary (given as a (complex) ndarray).

• qubit (QuantumRegister | Qubit) – The qubit which the gate is acting on.

• mode (string) – determines the used decomposition by providing the rotation axes. The allowed modes are: „ZYZ“ (default)

• up_to_diagonal (bool) – if set to True, the single-qubit unitary is decomposed up to a diagonal matrix, i.e. a unitary u‘ is implemented such that there exists a 2*2 diagonal gate d with u = d.dot(u‘)

• u (ndarray) – Deprecated, use unitary_matrix instead.

Rückgabe

The single-qubit unitary instruction attached to the circuit.

Rückgabetyp

InstructionSet

Verursacht

QiskitError – if the format is wrong; if the array u is not unitary

swap(qubit1, qubit2)

Apply SwapGate.

sx(qubit)

Apply SXGate.

sxdg(qubit)

Apply SXdgGate.

t(qubit)

Apply TGate.

tdg(qubit)

Apply TdgGate.

to_gate(parameter_map=None, label=None)

Create a Gate out of this circuit.

Parameter

• parameter_map (dict) – For parameterized circuits, a mapping from parameters in the circuit to parameters to be used in the gate. If None, existing circuit parameters will also parameterize the gate.

• label (str) – Optional gate label.

Rückgabe

a composite gate encapsulating this circuit (can be decomposed back)

Rückgabetyp

Gate

to_instruction(parameter_map=None)

Create an Instruction out of this circuit.

Parameter

parameter_map (dict) – For parameterized circuits, a mapping from parameters in the circuit to parameters to be used in the instruction. If None, existing circuit parameters will also parameterize the instruction.

Rückgabe

a composite instruction encapsulating this circuit (can be decomposed back)

Rückgabetyp

qiskit.circuit.Instruction

toffoli(control_qubit1, control_qubit2, target_qubit)

Apply CCXGate.

u(theta, phi, lam, qubit)

Apply UGate.

u1(theta, qubit)

Apply U1Gate.

u2(phi, lam, qubit)

Apply U2Gate.

u3(theta, phi, lam, qubit)

Apply U3Gate.

uc(gate_list, q_controls, q_target, up_to_diagonal=False)

Attach a uniformly controlled gates (also called multiplexed gates) to a circuit.

The decomposition was introduced by Bergholm et al. in https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0410066.pdf.

Parameter

• gate_list (list[ndarray]) – list of two qubit unitaries [U_0,…,U_{2^k-1}], where each single-qubit unitary U_i is a given as a 2*2 array

• q_controls (QuantumRegister|list[(QuantumRegister,int)]) – list of k control qubits. The qubits are ordered according to their significance in the computational basis. For example if q_controls=[q[1],q[2]] (with q = QuantumRegister(2)), the unitary U_0 is performed if q[1] and q[2] are in the state zero, U_1 is performed if q[2] is in the state zero and q[1] is in the state one, and so on

• q_target (QuantumRegister|(QuantumRegister,int)) – target qubit, where we act on with the single-qubit gates.

• up_to_diagonal (bool) – If set to True, the uniformly controlled gate is decomposed up to a diagonal gate, i.e. a unitary u‘ is implemented such that there exists a diagonal gate d with u = d.dot(u‘), where the unitary u describes the uniformly controlled gate

Rückgabe

the uniformly controlled gate is attached to the circuit.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

QiskitError – if the list number of control qubits does not correspond to the provided number of single-qubit unitaries; if an input is of the wrong type

ucrx(angle_list, q_controls, q_target)

Attach a uniformly controlled (also called multiplexed) Rx rotation gate to a circuit.

The decomposition is base on https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0406176.pdf by Shende et al.

Parameter

• angle_list (list) – list of (real) rotation angles \([a_0,...,a_{2^k-1}]\)

• q_controls (QuantumRegister|list) – list of k control qubits (or empty list if no controls). The control qubits are ordered according to their significance in increasing order: For example if q_controls=[q[0],q[1]] (with q = QuantumRegister(2)), the rotation Rx(a_0) is performed if q[0] and q[1] are in the state zero, the rotation Rx(a_1) is performed if q[0] is in the state one and q[1] is in the state zero, and so on

• q_target (QuantumRegister|Qubit) – target qubit, where we act on with the single-qubit rotation gates

Rückgabe

the uniformly controlled rotation gate is attached to the circuit.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

QiskitError – if the list number of control qubits does not correspond to the provided number of single-qubit unitaries; if an input is of the wrong type

ucry(angle_list, q_controls, q_target)

Attach a uniformly controlled (also called multiplexed) Ry rotation gate to a circuit.

The decomposition is base on https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0406176.pdf by Shende et al.

Parameter

• angle_list (list[numbers) – list of (real) rotation angles \([a_0,...,a_{2^k-1}]\)

• q_controls (QuantumRegister|list[Qubit]) – list of k control qubits (or empty list if no controls). The control qubits are ordered according to their significance in increasing order: For example if q_controls=[q[0],q[1]] (with q = QuantumRegister(2)), the rotation Ry(a_0) is performed if q[0] and q[1] are in the state zero, the rotation Ry(a_1) is performed if q[0] is in the state one and q[1] is in the state zero, and so on

• q_target (QuantumRegister|Qubit) – target qubit, where we act on with the single-qubit rotation gates

Rückgabe

the uniformly controlled rotation gate is attached to the circuit.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

QiskitError – if the list number of control qubits does not correspond to the provided number of single-qubit unitaries; if an input is of the wrong type

ucrz(angle_list, q_controls, q_target)

Attach a uniformly controlled (also called multiplexed gates) Rz rotation gate to a circuit.

The decomposition is base on https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0406176.pdf by Shende et al.

Parameter

• angle_list (list[numbers) – list of (real) rotation angles [a_0,…,a_{2^k-1}]

• q_controls (QuantumRegister|list[Qubit]) – list of k control qubits (or empty list if no controls). The control qubits are ordered according to their significance in increasing order: For example if q_controls=[q[1],q[2]] (with q = QuantumRegister(2)), the rotation Rz(a_0)is performed if q[1] and q[2] are in the state zero, the rotation Rz(a_1) is performed if q[1] is in the state one and q[2] is in the state zero, and so on

• q_target (QuantumRegister|Qubit) – target qubit, where we act on with the single-qubit rotation gates

Rückgabe

the uniformly controlled rotation gate is attached to the circuit.

Rückgabetyp

QuantumCircuit

Verursacht

QiskitError – if the list number of control qubits does not correspond to the provided number of single-qubit unitaries; if an input is of the wrong type

unitary(obj, qubits, label=None)

Apply unitary gate to q.

width()

Return number of qubits plus clbits in circuit.

Rückgabe

Width of circuit.

Rückgabetyp

int

x(qubit, label=None)

Apply XGate.

y(qubit)

Apply YGate.

z(qubit)

Apply ZGate.