qiskit_machine_learning.kernels.fidelity_statevector_kernel का स्रोत निर्देश

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# (C) Copyright IBM 2023.
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# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
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"""Fidelity Statevector Kernel"""

from __future__ import annotations

from functools import lru_cache
from typing import Type, TypeVar

import numpy as np

from qiskit import QuantumCircuit
from qiskit.quantum_info import Statevector
from qiskit_algorithms.utils import algorithm_globals


from .base_kernel import BaseKernel

SV = TypeVar("SV", bound=Statevector)


[docs]class FidelityStatevectorKernel(BaseKernel): r""" A reference implementation of the quantum kernel interface optimized for (and limited to) classically simulated statevectors. Here, the kernel function is defined as the overlap of two simulated quantum statevectors produced by a parametrized quantum circuit (called feature map): .. math:: K(x,y) = |\langle \phi(x) | \phi(y) \rangle|^2. In this implementation, :math:`|\phi(y)\rangle` is given by the ``data`` attribute of a :class:`~qiskit.quantum_info.Statevector` object or one of its subclasses. These arrays are stored in a statevector cache to avoid repeated evaluation of the quantum circuit. This cache can be cleared using :meth:`clear_cache`. By default the cache is cleared when :meth:`evaluate` is called, unless ``auto_clear_cache`` is ``False``. Shot noise emulation can also be added. If ``shots`` is ``None``, the exact fidelity is used. Otherwise, the mean is taken of samples drawn from a binomial distribution with probability equal to the exact fidelity. This model assumes that the fidelity is determined via the compute-uncompute method. I.e., the fidelity is given by the probability of measuring :math:`0` after preparing the state :math:`U(x)^\dagger U(y) | 0 \rangle`. With the addition of shot noise, the kernel matrix may no longer be positive semi-definite. With ``enforce_psd`` set to ``True`` this condition is enforced. **References:** [1] Havlíček, V., Córcoles, A. D., Temme, K., Harrow, A. W., Kandala, A., Chow, J. M., & Gambetta, J. M. (2019). Supervised learning with quantum-enhanced feature spaces. Nature, 567(7747), 209-212. `arXiv:1804.11326v2 [quant-ph] <https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.11326.pdf>`_ """ def __init__( self, *, feature_map: QuantumCircuit | None = None, statevector_type: Type[SV] = Statevector, cache_size: int | None = None, auto_clear_cache: bool = True, shots: int | None = None, enforce_psd: bool = True, ) -> None: """ Args: feature_map: Parameterized circuit to be used as the feature map. If ``None`` is given, :class:`~qiskit.circuit.library.ZZFeatureMap` is used with two qubits. If there's a mismatch in the number of qubits of the feature map and the number of features in the dataset, then the kernel will try to adjust the feature map to reflect the number of features. statevector_type: The type of Statevector that will be instantiated using the ``feature_map`` quantum circuit and used to compute the fidelity kernel. This type should inherit from (and defaults to) :class:`~qiskit.quantum_info.Statevector`. cache_size: Maximum size of the statevector cache. When ``None`` this is unbounded. auto_clear_cache: Determines whether the statevector cache is retained when :meth:`evaluate` is called. The cache is automatically cleared by default. shots: The number of shots. If ``None``, the exact fidelity is used. Otherwise, the mean is taken of samples drawn from a binomial distribution with probability equal to the exact fidelity. enforce_psd: Project to the closest positive semidefinite matrix if ``x = y``. This is only used when number of shots given is not ``None``. """ super().__init__(feature_map=feature_map) self._statevector_type = statevector_type self._auto_clear_cache = auto_clear_cache self._shots = shots self._enforce_psd = enforce_psd # Create the statevector cache at the instance level. self._get_statevector = lru_cache(maxsize=cache_size)(self._get_statevector_)
[docs] def evaluate( self, x_vec: np.ndarray, y_vec: np.ndarray | None = None, ) -> np.ndarray: if self._auto_clear_cache: self.clear_cache() x_vec, y_vec = self._validate_input(x_vec, y_vec) # Determine if calculating self inner product. is_symmetric = True if y_vec is None: y_vec = x_vec elif not np.array_equal(x_vec, y_vec): is_symmetric = False return self._evaluate(x_vec, y_vec, is_symmetric)
def _evaluate(self, x_vec: np.ndarray, y_vec: np.ndarray, is_symmetric: bool): kernel_shape = (x_vec.shape[0], y_vec.shape[0]) x_svs = [self._get_statevector(tuple(x)) for x in x_vec] y_svs = [self._get_statevector(tuple(y)) for y in y_vec] kernel_matrix = np.ones(kernel_shape) for i, x in enumerate(x_svs): for j, y in enumerate(y_svs): if np.array_equal(x, y): continue kernel_matrix[i, j] = self._compute_kernel_entry(x, y) if self._enforce_psd and is_symmetric and self._shots is not None: kernel_matrix = self._make_psd(kernel_matrix) return kernel_matrix def _get_statevector_(self, param_values: tuple[float]) -> np.ndarray: # lru_cache requires hashable function arguments. qc = self._feature_map.assign_parameters(param_values) return self._statevector_type(qc).data def _compute_kernel_entry(self, x: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray) -> float: fidelity = self._compute_fidelity(x, y) if self._shots is not None: fidelity = self._add_shot_noise(fidelity) return fidelity @staticmethod def _compute_fidelity(x: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray) -> float: return np.abs(np.conj(x) @ y) ** 2 def _add_shot_noise(self, fidelity: float) -> float: return algorithm_globals.random.binomial(n=self._shots, p=fidelity) / self._shots
[docs] def clear_cache(self): """Clear the statevector cache.""" # pylint: disable=no-member self._get_statevector.cache_clear()