qiskit.circuit.QuantumCircuit.initialize

QuantumCircuit.initialize(params, qubits=None)

Initialize qubits in a specific state.

Qubit initialization is done by first resetting the qubits to \(|0\rangle\) followed by calling qiskit.extensions.StatePreparation class to prepare the qubits in a specified state. Both these steps are included in the qiskit.extensions.Initialize instruction.

매개변수

• params (str or list or int) –

  • str: labels of basis states of the Pauli eigenstates Z, X, Y. See Statevector.from_label(). Notice the order of the labels is reversed with respect to the qubit index to be applied to. Example label 〈01〉 initializes the qubit zero to \(|1\rangle\) and the qubit one to \(|0\rangle\).

  • list: vector of complex amplitudes to initialize to.

  • int: an integer that is used as a bitmap indicating which qubits to initialize to \(|1\rangle\). Example: setting params to 5 would initialize qubit 0 and qubit 2 to \(|1\rangle\) and qubit 1 to \(|0\rangle\).

• qubits (QuantumRegister or Qubit or int) –

  • QuantumRegister: A list of qubits to be initialized [Default: None].

  • Qubit: Single qubit to be initialized [Default: None].

  • int: Index of qubit to be initialized [Default: None].

  • list: Indexes of qubits to be initialized [Default: None].

반환

a handle to the instruction that was just initialized

반환 형식

qiskit.circuit.Instruction

예제

Prepare a qubit in the state \((|0\rangle - |1\rangle) / \sqrt{2}\).

import numpy as np
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit

circuit = QuantumCircuit(1)
circuit.initialize([1/np.sqrt(2), -1/np.sqrt(2)], 0)
circuit.draw()

output:

     ┌──────────────────────────────┐
q_0: ┤ Initialize(0.70711,-0.70711) ├
     └──────────────────────────────┘

Initialize from a string two qubits in the state \(|10\rangle\). The order of the labels is reversed with respect to qubit index. More information about labels for basis states are in Statevector.from_label().

import numpy as np
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit

circuit = QuantumCircuit(2)
circuit.initialize('01', circuit.qubits)
circuit.draw()

output:

     ┌──────────────────┐
q_0: ┤0                 ├
     │  Initialize(0,1) │
q_1: ┤1                 ├
     └──────────────────┘

Initialize two qubits from an array of complex amplitudes.

import numpy as np
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit

circuit = QuantumCircuit(2)
circuit.initialize([0, 1/np.sqrt(2), -1.j/np.sqrt(2), 0], circuit.qubits)
circuit.draw()

output:

     ┌────────────────────────────────────┐
q_0: ┤0                                   ├
     │  Initialize(0,0.70711,-0.70711j,0) │
q_1: ┤1                                   ├
     └────────────────────────────────────┘