Code source de qiskit.providers.aer.noise.noise_model
# This code is part of Qiskit.
#
# (C) Copyright IBM 2018, 2019.
#
# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
#
# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
# that they have been altered from the originals.
"""
Noise model class for Qiskit Aer simulators.
"""
import json
import logging
from typing import Optional
from warnings import warn, catch_warnings, filterwarnings
from numpy import ndarray
from qiskit.circuit import Instruction, Delay
from qiskit.providers import BaseBackend, BackendV1, BackendV2
from qiskit.providers.exceptions import BackendPropertyError
from qiskit.providers.models import BackendProperties
from qiskit.transpiler import PassManager
from .device.models import _excited_population
from .device.models import basic_device_gate_errors
from .device.models import basic_device_readout_errors
from .errors.quantum_error import QuantumError
from .errors.readout_error import ReadoutError
from .noiseerror import NoiseError
from .passes import RelaxationNoisePass
from ..backends.backend_utils import BASIS_GATES
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class AerJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
"""
JSON encoder for NumPy arrays and complex numbers.
This functions as the standard JSON Encoder but adds support
for encoding:
complex numbers z as lists [z.real, z.imag]
ndarrays as nested lists.
"""
# pylint: disable=method-hidden,arguments-differ
def default(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, ndarray):
return obj.tolist()
if isinstance(obj, complex):
return [obj.real, obj.imag]
if hasattr(obj, "to_dict"):
return obj.to_dict()
return super().default(obj)
class QuantumErrorLocation(Instruction):
"""Instruction for referencing a multi-qubit error in a NoiseModel"""
_directive = True
def __init__(self, qerror):
"""Construct a new quantum error location instruction.
Args:
qerror (QuantumError): the quantum error to reference.
"""
super().__init__("qerror_loc", qerror.num_qubits, 0, [], label=qerror.id)
[docs]class NoiseModel:
"""Noise model class for Qiskit Aer simulators.
This class is used to represent noise model for the
:class:`~qiskit.providers.aer.QasmSimulator`. It can be used to construct
custom noise models for simulator, or to automatically generate a basic
device noise model for an IBMQ backend. See the
:mod:`~qiskit.providers.aer.noise` module documentation for additional
information.
**Example: Basic device noise model**
An approximate :class:`NoiseModel` can be generated automatically from the
properties of real device backends from the IBMQ provider using the
:meth:`~NoiseModel.from_backend` method.
.. code-block:: python
from qiskit import IBMQ, Aer
from qiskit.providers.aer.noise import NoiseModel
provider = IBMQ.load_account()
backend = provider.get_backend('ibmq_vigo')
noise_model = NoiseModel.from_backend(backend)
print(noise_model)
**Example: Custom noise model**
Custom noise models can be used by adding :class:`QuantumError` to circuit
gate, reset or measure instructions, and :class:`ReadoutError` to measure
instructions.
.. code-block:: python
import qiskit.providers.aer.noise as noise
# Error probabilities
prob_1 = 0.001 # 1-qubit gate
prob_2 = 0.01 # 2-qubit gate
# Depolarizing quantum errors
error_1 = noise.depolarizing_error(prob_1, 1)
error_2 = noise.depolarizing_error(prob_2, 2)
# Add errors to noise model
noise_model = noise.NoiseModel()
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_1, ['rz', 'sx', 'x'])
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_2, ['cx'])
print(noise_model)
"""
# Checks for standard 1-3 qubit instructions
_1qubit_instructions = set([
'u1', 'u2', 'u3', 'u', 'p', 'r', 'rx', 'ry', 'rz', 'id', 'x',
'y', 'z', 'h', 's', 'sdg', 'sx', 'sxdg', 't', 'tdg'])
_2qubit_instructions = set([
'swap', 'cx', 'cy', 'cz', 'csx', 'cp', 'cu', 'cu1', 'cu2', 'cu3', 'rxx',
'ryy', 'rzz', 'rzx'])
_3qubit_instructions = set(['ccx', 'cswap'])
def __init__(self, basis_gates=None):
"""Initialize an empty noise model.
Args:
basis_gates (list[str] or None): Specify an initial basis_gates
for the noise model. If None a default value of ['id', 'rz', 'sx', 'cx']
is used (Default: None).
Additional Information:
Errors added to the noise model will have their instruction
appended to the noise model basis_gates if the instruction is in
the :class:`~qiskit.providers.aer.QasmSimulator` basis_gates. If
the instruction is not in the
:class:`~qiskit.providers.aer.QasmSimulator` basis_gates it is
assumed to be a label for a standard gate, and that gate should be
added to the `NoiseModel` basis_gates either using the init method,
or the :meth:`add_basis_gates` method.
"""
if basis_gates is None:
# Default basis gates is id, rz, sx, cx so that all standard
# non-identity instructions can be unrolled to rz, sx, cx,
# and identities won't be unrolled
self._basis_gates = set(['id', 'rz', 'sx', 'cx'])
else:
self._basis_gates = set(
name for name, _ in self._instruction_names_labels(basis_gates))
# Store gates with a noise model defined
self._noise_instructions = set()
# Store qubits referenced in noise model.
# These include gate qubits in local quantum and readout errors,
# and both gate and noise qubits for non-local quantum errors.
self._noise_qubits = set()
# Default (all-qubit) quantum errors are stored as:
# dict(str: QuantumError)
# where they keys are the instruction str label
self._default_quantum_errors = {}
# Local quantum errors are stored as:
# dict(str: dict(tuple: QuantumError))
# where the outer keys are the instruction str label and the
# inner dict keys are the gate qubits
self._local_quantum_errors = {}
# Non-local quantum errors are stored as:
# dict(str: dict(tuple: dict(tuple: QuantumError)))
# where the outer keys are the instruction str label, the middle dict
# keys are the gate qubits, and the inner most dict keys are
# the noise qubits.
self._nonlocal_quantum_errors = {}
# Default (all-qubit) readout error is stored as a single
# ReadoutError object since there may only be one defined.
self._default_readout_error = None
# Local readout errors are stored as:
# dict(tuple: ReadoutError)
# where the dict keys are the gate qubits.
self._local_readout_errors = {}
# Custom noise passes
self._custom_noise_passes = []
@property
def basis_gates(self):
"""Return basis_gates for compiling to the noise model."""
# Convert noise instructions to basis_gates string
return sorted(self._basis_gates)
@property
def noise_instructions(self):
"""Return the set of noisy instructions for this noise model."""
return sorted(self._noise_instructions)
@property
def noise_qubits(self):
"""Return the set of noisy qubits for this noise model."""
return sorted(self._noise_qubits)
[docs] @classmethod
def from_backend(cls, backend,
gate_error=True,
readout_error=True,
thermal_relaxation=True,
temperature=0,
gate_lengths=None,
gate_length_units='ns',
standard_gates=None,
warnings=True):
"""Return a noise model derived from a devices backend properties.
This function generates a noise model based on:
* 1 and 2 qubit gate errors consisting of a
:func:`depolarizing_error` followed
by a :func:`thermal_relaxation_error`.
* Single qubit :class:`ReadoutError` on all measurements.
The Error error parameters are tuned for each individual qubit based on
the :math:`T_1`, :math:`T_2`, frequency and readout error parameters for
each qubit, and the gate error and gate time parameters for each gate
obtained from the device backend properties.
**Additional Information**
The noise model includes the following errors:
* If ``readout_error=True`` include single qubit readout
errors on measurements.
* If ``gate_error=True`` and ``thermal_relaxation=True`` include:
* Single-qubit gate errors consisting of a :func:`depolarizing_error`
followed by a :func:`thermal_relaxation_error` for the qubit the
gate acts on.
* Two-qubit gate errors consisting of a 2-qubit
:func:`depolarizing_error` followed by single qubit
:func:`thermal_relaxation_error` on each qubit participating in
the gate.
* If ``gate_error=True`` is ``True`` and ``thermal_relaxation=False``:
* An N-qubit :func:`depolarizing_error` on each N-qubit gate.
* If ``gate_error=False`` and ``thermal_relaxation=True`` include
single-qubit :func:`thermal_relaxation_errors` on each qubits
participating in a multi-qubit gate.
For best practice in simulating a backend make sure that the
circuit is compiled using the set of basis gates in the noise
module by setting ``basis_gates=noise_model.basis_gates``
and using the device coupling map with
``coupling_map=backend.configuration().coupling_map``
**Specifying custom gate times**
The ``gate_lengths`` kwarg can be used to specify custom gate times
to add gate errors using the :math:`T_1` and :math:`T_2` values from
the backend properties. This should be passed as a list of tuples
``gate_lengths=[(name, value), ...]``
where ``name`` is the gate name string, and ``value`` is the gate time
in nanoseconds.
If a custom gate is specified that already exists in
the backend properties, the ``gate_lengths`` value will override the
gate time value from the backend properties.
If non-default values are used gate_lengths should be a list
Args:
backend (BackendV1): backend.
gate_error (bool): Include depolarizing gate errors (Default: True).
readout_error (Bool): Include readout errors in model
(Default: True).
thermal_relaxation (Bool): Include thermal relaxation errors
(Default: True).
temperature (double): qubit temperature in milli-Kelvin (mK) for
thermal relaxation errors (Default: 0).
gate_lengths (list): Custom gate times for thermal relaxation errors.
Used to extend or override the gate times in
the backend properties (Default: None))
gate_length_units (str): Time units for gate length values in
gate_lengths. Can be 'ns', 'ms', 'us',
or 's' (Default: 'ns').
standard_gates (bool): DEPRECATED, If true return errors as standard
qobj gates. If false return as unitary
qobj instructions (Default: None)
warnings (bool): Display warnings (Default: True).
Returns:
NoiseModel: An approximate noise model for the device backend.
Raises:
NoiseError: If the input backend is not valid.
"""
if isinstance(backend, BackendV2):
raise NoiseError(
"NoiseModel.from_backend does not currently support V2 Backends.")
if isinstance(backend, (BaseBackend, BackendV1)):
properties = backend.properties()
configuration = backend.configuration()
basis_gates = configuration.basis_gates
num_qubits = configuration.num_qubits
dt = getattr(configuration, "dt", 0)
if not properties:
raise NoiseError('Qiskit backend {} does not have a '
'BackendProperties'.format(backend))
elif isinstance(backend, BackendProperties):
warn(
'Passing BackendProperties instead of a "backend" object '
'has been deprecated as of qiskit-aer 0.10.0 and will be '
'removed no earlier than 3 months from that release date. '
'Duration dependent delay relaxation noise requires a '
'backend object.', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
properties = backend
basis_gates = set()
for prop in properties.gates:
basis_gates.add(prop.gate)
basis_gates = list(basis_gates)
num_qubits = len(properties.qubits)
dt = 0 # disable delay noise if dt is unknown
else:
raise NoiseError('{} is not a Qiskit backend or'
' BackendProperties'.format(backend))
noise_model = NoiseModel(basis_gates=basis_gates)
# Add single-qubit readout errors
if readout_error:
for qubits, error in basic_device_readout_errors(properties):
noise_model.add_readout_error(error, qubits, warnings=warnings)
if standard_gates is not None:
warn(
'"standard_gates" option has been deprecated as of qiskit-aer 0.10.0'
' and will be removed no earlier than 3 months from that release date.',
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
# Add gate errors
with catch_warnings():
filterwarnings(
"ignore",
category=DeprecationWarning,
module="qiskit.providers.aer.noise.device.models"
)
gate_errors = basic_device_gate_errors(
properties,
gate_error=gate_error,
thermal_relaxation=thermal_relaxation,
gate_lengths=gate_lengths,
gate_length_units=gate_length_units,
temperature=temperature,
standard_gates=standard_gates,
warnings=warnings)
for name, qubits, error in gate_errors:
noise_model.add_quantum_error(error, name, qubits, warnings=warnings)
if thermal_relaxation:
# Add delay errors via RelaxationNiose pass
try:
excited_state_populations = [
_excited_population(
freq=properties.frequency(q), temperature=temperature
) for q in range(num_qubits)]
except BackendPropertyError:
excited_state_populations = None
try:
delay_pass = RelaxationNoisePass(
t1s=[properties.t1(q) for q in range(num_qubits)],
t2s=[properties.t2(q) for q in range(num_qubits)],
dt=dt,
op_types=Delay,
excited_state_populations=excited_state_populations
)
noise_model._custom_noise_passes.append(delay_pass)
except BackendPropertyError:
# Device does not have the required T1 or T2 information
# in its properties
pass
return noise_model
[docs] def is_ideal(self): # pylint: disable=too-many-return-statements
"""Return True if the noise model has no noise terms."""
# Get default errors
if self._default_quantum_errors:
return False
if self._default_readout_error:
return False
if self._local_quantum_errors:
return False
if self._local_readout_errors:
return False
if self._nonlocal_quantum_errors:
return False
if self._custom_noise_passes:
return False
return True
def __repr__(self):
"""Noise model repr"""
return "<NoiseModel on {}>".format(list(self._noise_instructions))
def __str__(self):
"""Noise model string representation"""
# Check if noise model is ideal
if self.is_ideal():
return "NoiseModel: Ideal"
# Get default errors
default_error_ops = []
for inst in self._default_quantum_errors:
default_error_ops.append('{}'.format(inst))
if self._default_readout_error is not None:
if 'measure' not in default_error_ops:
default_error_ops.append('measure')
# Get local errors
local_error_ops = []
for inst, dic in self._local_quantum_errors.items():
for qubits in dic.keys():
local_error_ops.append((inst, qubits))
for qubits in self._local_readout_errors:
tmp = ('measure', qubits)
if tmp not in local_error_ops:
local_error_ops.append(tmp)
# Get nonlocal errors
nonlocal_error_ops = []
for inst, dic in self._nonlocal_quantum_errors.items():
for qubits, errors in dic.items():
for noise_qubits in errors:
nonlocal_error_ops.append((inst, qubits, noise_qubits))
output = "NoiseModel:"
output += "\n Basis gates: {}".format(self.basis_gates)
if self._noise_instructions:
output += "\n Instructions with noise: {}".format(
list(self._noise_instructions))
if self._noise_qubits:
output += "\n Qubits with noise: {}".format(
list(self._noise_qubits))
if default_error_ops:
output += "\n All-qubits errors: {}".format(default_error_ops)
if local_error_ops:
output += "\n Specific qubit errors: {}".format(
local_error_ops)
if nonlocal_error_ops:
output += "\n Non-local specific qubit errors: {}".format(
nonlocal_error_ops)
return output
def __eq__(self, other):
"""Test if two noise models are equal."""
# This returns True if both noise models have:
# the same basis_gates
# the same noise_qubits
# the same noise_instructions
if (not isinstance(other, NoiseModel) or
self.basis_gates != other.basis_gates or
self.noise_qubits != other.noise_qubits or
self.noise_instructions != other.noise_instructions):
return False
# Check default readout errors is equal
if not self._readout_errors_equal(other):
return False
# Check quantum errors equal
if not self._all_qubit_quantum_errors_equal(other):
return False
if not self._local_quantum_errors_equal(other):
return False
if not self._nonlocal_quantum_errors_equal(other):
return False
# If we made it here they are equal
return True
[docs] def add_basis_gates(self, instructions, warnings=False):
"""Add additional gates to the noise model basis_gates.
This should be used to add any gates that are identified by a
custom gate label in the noise model.
Args:
instructions (list[str] or
list[Instruction]): the instructions error applies to.
warnings (bool): [DEPRECATED] display warning if instruction is not in
QasmSimulator basis_gates (Default: False).
"""
for name, _ in self._instruction_names_labels(instructions):
# If the instruction is in the default basis gates for the
# AerSimulator we add it to the basis gates.
if name in BASIS_GATES['automatic']:
if name not in ['measure', 'reset', 'initialize',
'kraus', 'superop', 'roerror']:
self._basis_gates.add(name)
elif warnings:
warn('"warnings" option has been deprecated as of qiskit-aer 0.10.0'
' and will be removed no earlier than 3 months from that release date.',
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
logger.warning(
"Warning: Adding a gate \"%s\" to basis_gates which is "
"not in AerSimulator basis_gates.", name)
[docs] def add_all_qubit_quantum_error(self, error, instructions, warnings=True):
"""
Add a quantum error to the noise model that applies to all qubits.
Args:
error (QuantumError): the quantum error object.
instructions (str or list[str] or
Instruction or
list[Instruction]): the instructions error applies to.
warnings (bool): Display warning if appending to an instruction that
already has an error (Default: True).
Raises:
NoiseError: if the input parameters are invalid.
Additional Information:
If the error object is ideal it will not be added to the model.
"""
# Format input as QuantumError
if not isinstance(error, QuantumError):
try:
error = QuantumError(error)
except NoiseError:
raise NoiseError("Input is not a valid quantum error.")
# Check if error is ideal and if so don't add to the noise model
if error.ideal():
return
# Add instructions
for name, label in self._instruction_names_labels(instructions):
self._check_number_of_qubits(error, name)
if label in self._default_quantum_errors:
new_error = self._default_quantum_errors[label].compose(error)
self._default_quantum_errors[label] = new_error
if warnings:
logger.warning(
"WARNING: all-qubit error already exists for "
"instruction \"%s\", "
"composing with additional error.", label)
else:
self._default_quantum_errors[label] = error
# Check if a specific qubit error has been applied for this instruction
if label in self._local_quantum_errors:
local_qubits = self._keys2str(
self._local_quantum_errors[label].keys())
if warnings:
logger.warning(
"WARNING: all-qubit error for instruction "
"\"%s\" will not apply to qubits: "
"%s as specific error already exists.", label,
local_qubits)
self._noise_instructions.add(label)
self.add_basis_gates(name)
[docs] def add_quantum_error(self, error, instructions, qubits, warnings=True):
"""
Add a quantum error to the noise model.
Args:
error (QuantumError): the quantum error object.
instructions (str or list[str] or
Instruction or
list[Instruction]): the instructions error applies to.
qubits (Sequence[int]): qubits instruction error applies to.
warnings (bool): Display warning if appending to an instruction that
already has an error (Default: True).
Raises:
NoiseError: if the input parameters are invalid.
Additional Information:
If the error object is ideal it will not be added to the model.
"""
# Error checking
if not isinstance(error, QuantumError):
try:
error = QuantumError(error)
except NoiseError:
raise NoiseError("Input is not a valid quantum error.")
try:
qubits = tuple(qubits)
except TypeError as ex:
raise NoiseError("Qubits must be convertible to a tuple of integers") from ex
# Check if error is ideal and if so don't add to the noise model
if error.ideal():
return
# Add noise qubits
for qubit in qubits:
self._noise_qubits.add(qubit)
# Add instructions
for name, label in self._instruction_names_labels(instructions):
self._check_number_of_qubits(error, name)
if not isinstance(label, str):
raise NoiseError("Qobj invalid instructions.")
# Check number of qubits is correct for standard instructions
self._check_number_of_qubits(error, name)
if label in self._local_quantum_errors:
qubit_dict = self._local_quantum_errors[label]
else:
qubit_dict = {}
# Convert qubits list to hashable string
if error.num_qubits != len(qubits):
raise NoiseError("Number of qubits ({}) does not match "
" the error size ({})".format(
len(qubits), error.num_qubits))
if qubits in qubit_dict:
new_error = qubit_dict[qubits].compose(error)
qubit_dict[qubits] = new_error
if warnings:
logger.warning(
"WARNING: quantum error already exists for "
"instruction \"%s\" on qubits %s "
", appending additional error.", label, qubits)
else:
qubit_dict[qubits] = error
# Add updated dictionary
self._local_quantum_errors[label] = qubit_dict
# Check if all-qubit error is already defined for this instruction
if label in self._default_quantum_errors:
if warnings:
logger.warning(
"WARNING: Specific error for instruction \"%s\" "
"on qubits %s overrides previously defined "
"all-qubit error for these qubits.", label, qubits)
self._noise_instructions.add(label)
self.add_basis_gates(name)
[docs] def add_nonlocal_quantum_error(self,
error,
instructions,
qubits,
noise_qubits,
warnings=True):
"""
Add a non-local quantum error to the noise model (DEPRECATED).
.. deprecated:: 0.9.0
Adding nonlocal noise to a noise model is deprecated and will
be removed no earlier than 3 months from the qiskit-aer 0.9.0
release date. To add non-local noise to a circuit you should
write a custom qiskit transpiler pass.
Args:
error (QuantumError): the quantum error object.
instructions (str or list[str] or
Instruction or
list[Instruction]): the instructions error applies to.
qubits (Sequence[int]): qubits instruction error applies to.
noise_qubits (Sequence[int]): Specify the exact qubits the error
should be applied to if different
to the instruction qubits.
warnings (bool): Display warning if appending to an instruction that
already has an error (Default: True).
Raises:
NoiseError: if the input parameters are invalid.
Additional Information:
If the error object is ideal it will not be added to the model.
"""
warn('Adding nonlocal noise to a noise model is deprecated as of'
' qiskit-aer 0.9.0 and will be removed no earlier than 3'
' months from that release date. To add non-local noise to'
' a circuit you should write a custom qiskit transpiler pass.',
DeprecationWarning)
# Error checking
if not isinstance(error, QuantumError):
try:
error = QuantumError(error)
except NoiseError:
raise NoiseError("Input is not a valid quantum error.")
try:
qubits = tuple(qubits)
noise_qubits = tuple(noise_qubits)
except TypeError as ex:
raise NoiseError("Qubits must be convertible to a tuple of integers") from ex
# Check if error is ideal and if so don't add to the noise model
if error.ideal():
return
# Add noise qubits
for qubit in qubits:
self._noise_qubits.add(qubit)
for qubit in noise_qubits:
self._noise_qubits.add(qubit)
# Add instructions
for name, label in self._instruction_names_labels(instructions):
if label in self._nonlocal_quantum_errors:
gate_qubit_dict = self._nonlocal_quantum_errors[label]
else:
gate_qubit_dict = {}
if qubits in gate_qubit_dict:
noise_qubit_dict = gate_qubit_dict[qubits]
if noise_qubits in noise_qubit_dict:
new_error = noise_qubit_dict[noise_qubits].compose(error)
noise_qubit_dict[noise_qubits] = new_error
else:
noise_qubit_dict[noise_qubits] = error
gate_qubit_dict[qubits] = noise_qubit_dict
if warnings:
logger.warning(
"Warning: nonlocal error already exists for "
"instruction \"%s\" on qubits %s."
"Composing additional error.", label, qubits)
else:
gate_qubit_dict[qubits] = {noise_qubits: error}
# Add updated dictionary
self._nonlocal_quantum_errors[label] = gate_qubit_dict
self._noise_instructions.add(label)
self.add_basis_gates(name, warnings=False)
[docs] def add_all_qubit_readout_error(self, error, warnings=True):
"""
Add a single-qubit readout error that applies measure on all qubits.
Args:
error (ReadoutError): the quantum error object.
warnings (bool): Display warning if appending to an instruction that
already has an error (Default: True)
Raises:
NoiseError: if the input parameters are invalid.
Additional Information:
If the error object is ideal it will not be added to the model.
"""
# Error checking
if not isinstance(error, ReadoutError):
try:
error = ReadoutError(error)
except NoiseError:
raise NoiseError("Input is not a valid readout error.")
# Check if error is ideal and if so don't add to the noise model
if error.ideal():
return
# Check number of qubits is correct for standard instructions
if error.number_of_qubits != 1:
raise NoiseError(
"All-qubit readout errors must defined as single-qubit errors."
)
if self._default_readout_error is not None:
if warnings:
logger.warning(
"WARNING: all-qubit readout error already exists, "
"overriding with new readout error.")
self._default_readout_error = error
# Check if a specific qubit error has been applied for this instruction
if self._local_readout_errors:
local_qubits = self._keys2str(self._local_readout_errors.keys())
if warnings:
logger.warning(
"WARNING: The all-qubit readout error will not "
"apply to measure of qubits qubits: %s "
"as specific readout errors already exist.", local_qubits)
self._noise_instructions.add("measure")
[docs] def add_readout_error(self, error, qubits, warnings=True):
"""
Add a readout error to the noise model.
Args:
error (ReadoutError): the quantum error object.
qubits (list[int] or tuple[int]): qubits instruction error applies to.
warnings (bool): Display warning if appending to an instruction that
already has an error [Default: True]
Raises:
NoiseError: if the input parameters are invalid.
Additional Information:
If the error object is ideal it will not be added to the model.
"""
# Error checking
if not isinstance(error, ReadoutError):
try:
error = ReadoutError(error)
except NoiseError:
raise NoiseError("Input is not a valid readout error.")
try:
qubits = tuple(qubits)
except TypeError as ex:
raise NoiseError("Qubits must be convertible to a tuple of integers") from ex
# Check if error is ideal and if so don't add to the noise model
if error.ideal():
return
# Add noise qubits
for qubit in qubits:
self._noise_qubits.add(qubit)
# Check error matches qubit size
if error.number_of_qubits != len(qubits):
raise NoiseError(
"Number of qubits ({}) does not match the readout "
"error size ({})".format(len(qubits), error.number_of_qubits))
# Check if we are overriding a previous error
if qubits in self._local_readout_errors:
if warnings:
logger.warning(
"WARNING: readout error already exists for qubits "
"%s, overriding with new readout error.", qubits)
self._local_readout_errors[qubits] = error
# Check if all-qubit readout error is already defined
if self._default_readout_error is not None:
if warnings:
logger.warning(
"WARNING: Specific readout error on qubits "
"%s overrides previously defined "
"all-qubit readout error for these qubits.", qubits)
self._noise_instructions.add("measure")
[docs] def to_dict(self, serializable=False):
"""
Return the noise model as a dictionary.
Args:
serializable (bool): if `True`, return a dict containing only types
that can be serializable by the stdlib `json` module.
Returns:
dict: a dictionary for a noise model.
"""
error_list = []
# Add default quantum errors
for name, error in self._default_quantum_errors.items():
error_dict = error.to_dict()
error_dict["operations"] = [name]
error_list.append(error_dict)
# Add specific qubit errors
for name, qubit_dict in self._local_quantum_errors.items():
for qubits, error in qubit_dict.items():
error_dict = error.to_dict()
error_dict["operations"] = [name]
error_dict["gate_qubits"] = [qubits]
error_list.append(error_dict)
# Add non-local errors
for name, qubit_dict in self._nonlocal_quantum_errors.items():
for qubits, noise_qubit_dict in qubit_dict.items():
for noise_qubits, error in noise_qubit_dict.items():
error_dict = error.to_dict()
error_dict["operations"] = [name]
error_dict["gate_qubits"] = [qubits]
error_dict["noise_qubits"] = [noise_qubits]
error_list.append(error_dict)
# Add default readout error
if self._default_readout_error is not None:
error_dict = self._default_readout_error.to_dict()
error_list.append(error_dict)
# Add local readout error
for qubits, error in self._local_readout_errors.items():
error_dict = error.to_dict()
error_dict["gate_qubits"] = [qubits]
error_list.append(error_dict)
ret = {"errors": error_list}
if serializable:
ret = json.loads(json.dumps(ret, cls=AerJSONEncoder))
return ret
[docs] @staticmethod
def from_dict(noise_dict):
"""
Load NoiseModel from a dictionary.
Args:
noise_dict (dict): A serialized noise model.
Returns:
NoiseModel: the noise model.
Raises:
NoiseError: if dict cannot be converted to NoiseModel.
"""
warn('from_dict has been deprecated as of qiskit-aer 0.10.0'
' and will be removed no earlier than 3 months from that release date.',
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
# Return noise model
noise_model = NoiseModel()
# Get error terms
errors = noise_dict.get('errors', [])
for error in errors:
error_type = error['type']
# Add QuantumError
if error_type == 'qerror':
noise_ops = tuple(
zip(error['instructions'], error['probabilities']))
instruction_names = error['operations']
all_gate_qubits = error.get('gate_qubits', None)
all_noise_qubits = error.get('noise_qubits', None)
with catch_warnings():
filterwarnings("ignore",
category=DeprecationWarning,
module="qiskit.providers.aer.noise")
qerror = QuantumError(noise_ops)
qerror._id = error.get('id', None) or qerror.id
if all_gate_qubits is not None:
for gate_qubits in all_gate_qubits:
# Load non-local quantum error
if all_noise_qubits is not None:
for noise_qubits in all_noise_qubits:
noise_model.add_nonlocal_quantum_error(
qerror,
instruction_names,
gate_qubits,
noise_qubits,
warnings=False)
# Add local quantum error
else:
noise_model.add_quantum_error(
qerror,
instruction_names,
gate_qubits,
warnings=False)
else:
# Add all-qubit quantum error
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(
qerror, instruction_names, warnings=False)
# Add ReadoutError
elif error_type == 'roerror':
probabilities = error['probabilities']
all_gate_qubits = error.get('gate_qubits', None)
roerror = ReadoutError(probabilities)
# Add local readout error
if all_gate_qubits is not None:
for gate_qubits in all_gate_qubits:
noise_model.add_readout_error(
roerror, gate_qubits, warnings=False)
# Add all-qubit readout error
else:
noise_model.add_all_qubit_readout_error(
roerror, warnings=False)
# Invalid error type
else:
raise NoiseError("Invalid error type: {}".format(error_type))
return noise_model
def _instruction_names_labels(self, instructions):
"""Return two lists of instruction name strings and label strings."""
if not isinstance(instructions, (list, tuple)):
instructions = [instructions]
names_labels = []
for inst in instructions:
# If instruction does not have a label we use the name
# as the label
if isinstance(inst, Instruction):
name = inst.name
label = getattr(inst, 'label', inst.name)
names_labels.append((name, label))
elif isinstance(inst, str):
names_labels.append((inst, inst))
else:
raise NoiseError('Invalid instruction type {}'.format(inst))
return names_labels
def _check_number_of_qubits(self, error, name):
"""
Check if error is corrected number of qubits for standard instruction.
Args:
error (QuantumError): the quantum error object.
name (str): qobj instruction name to apply error to.
Raises:
NoiseError: If instruction and error qubit number do not match.
"""
def error_message(gate_qubits):
msg = "{} qubit QuantumError".format(error.num_qubits) + \
" cannot be applied to {} qubit".format(gate_qubits) + \
" instruction \"{}\".".format(name)
return msg
if name in self._1qubit_instructions and error.num_qubits != 1:
raise NoiseError(error_message(1))
if name in self._2qubit_instructions and error.num_qubits != 2:
raise NoiseError(error_message(2))
if name in self._3qubit_instructions and error.num_qubits != 3:
raise NoiseError(error_message(3))
def _keys2str(self, keys):
"""Convert dicitonary keys to comma seperated print string."""
tmp = "".join(["{}, ".format(key) for key in keys])
return tmp[:-2]
def _readout_errors_equal(self, other):
"""Check two noise models have equal readout errors"""
# Check default readout error is equal
if self._default_readout_error != other._default_readout_error:
return False
# Check local readout errors are equal
if sorted(self._local_readout_errors.keys()) != sorted(
other._local_readout_errors.keys()):
return False
for key in self._local_readout_errors:
if self._local_readout_errors[key] != other._local_readout_errors[
key]:
return False
return True
def _all_qubit_quantum_errors_equal(self, other):
"""Check two noise models have equal local quantum errors"""
if sorted(self._default_quantum_errors.keys()) != sorted(
other._default_quantum_errors.keys()):
return False
for key in self._default_quantum_errors:
if self._default_quantum_errors[
key] != other._default_quantum_errors[key]:
return False
return True
def _local_quantum_errors_equal(self, other):
"""Check two noise models have equal local quantum errors"""
if sorted(self._local_quantum_errors.keys()) != sorted(
other._local_quantum_errors.keys()):
return False
for key in self._local_quantum_errors:
inner_dict1 = self._local_quantum_errors[key]
inner_dict2 = other._local_quantum_errors[key]
if sorted(inner_dict1.keys()) != sorted(inner_dict2.keys()):
return False
for inner_key in inner_dict1:
if inner_dict1[inner_key] != inner_dict2[inner_key]:
return False
if self._local_quantum_errors[key] != other._local_quantum_errors[
key]:
return False
return True
def _nonlocal_quantum_errors_equal(self, other):
"""Check two noise models have equal non-local quantum errors"""
if sorted(self._nonlocal_quantum_errors.keys()) != sorted(
other._nonlocal_quantum_errors.keys()):
return False
for key in self._nonlocal_quantum_errors:
inner_dict1 = self._nonlocal_quantum_errors[key]
inner_dict2 = other._nonlocal_quantum_errors[key]
if sorted(inner_dict1.keys()) != sorted(inner_dict2.keys()):
return False
for inner_key in inner_dict1:
iinner_dict1 = inner_dict1[inner_key]
iinner_dict2 = inner_dict2[inner_key]
if sorted(iinner_dict1.keys()) != sorted(iinner_dict2.keys()):
return False
for iinner_key in iinner_dict1:
if iinner_dict1[iinner_key] != iinner_dict2[iinner_key]:
return False
return True
def _pass_manager(self) -> Optional[PassManager]:
"""
Return the pass manager that add custom noises defined as noise passes
(stored in the _custom_noise_passes field). Note that the pass manager
does not include passes to add other noises (stored in the different field).
"""
passes = []
passes.extend(self._custom_noise_passes)
if len(passes) > 0:
return PassManager(passes)
return None