QuadraticForm¶
- class QuadraticForm(num_result_qubits=None, quadratic=None, linear=None, offset=None, little_endian=True)[fuente]¶
Bases:
QuantumCircuit
Implements a quadratic form on binary variables encoded in qubit registers.
A quadratic form on binary variables is a quadratic function \(Q\) acting on a binary variable of \(n\) bits, \(x = x_0 ... x_{n-1}\). For an integer matrix \(A\), an integer vector \(b\) and an integer \(c\) the function can be written as
\[Q(x) = x^T A x + x^T b + c\]If \(A\), \(b\) or \(c\) contain scalar values, this circuit computes only an approximation of the quadratic form.
Provided with \(m\) qubits to encode the value, this circuit computes \(Q(x) \mod 2^m\) in [two’s complement](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1049722/what-is-2s-complement) representation.
\[|x\rangle_n |0\rangle_m \mapsto |x\rangle_n |(Q(x) + 2^m) \mod 2^m \rangle_m\]Since we use two’s complement e.g. the value of \(Q(x) = 3\) requires 2 bits to represent the value and 1 bit for the sign: 3 = “011” where the first 0 indicates a positive value. On the other hand, \(Q(x) = -3\) would be -3 = “101”, where the first 1 indicates a negative value and 01 is the two’s complement of 3.
If the value of \(Q(x)\) is too large to be represented with m qubits, the resulting bitstring is \((Q(x) + 2^m) \mod 2^m)\).
The implementation of this circuit is discussed in [1], Fig. 6.
Referencias
- [1]: Gilliam et al., Grover Adaptive Search for Constrained Polynomial Binary Optimization.
- Parámetros
num_result_qubits (
Optional
[int
]) – The number of qubits to encode the result. Called \(m\) in the class documentation.quadratic (
Union
[ndarray
,List
[List
[Union
[float
,ParameterExpression
]]],None
]) – A matrix containing the quadratic coefficients, \(A\).linear (
Union
[ndarray
,List
[Union
[float
,ParameterExpression
]],None
]) – An array containing the linear coefficients, \(b\).offset (
Union
[float
,ParameterExpression
,None
]) – A constant offset, \(c\).little_endian (
bool
) – Encode the result in little endianness.
- Muestra
ValueError – If
linear
andquadratic
have mismatching sizes.ValueError – If
num_result_qubits
is unspecified but cannot be determined because some values of the quadratic form are parameterized.
Methods Defined Here
Get the number of required result qubits.
Attributes
- ancillas¶
Returns a list of ancilla bits in the order that the registers were added.
- Tipo del valor devuelto
List
[AncillaQubit
]
- calibrations¶
Return calibration dictionary.
- The custom pulse definition of a given gate is of the form
{“gate_name”: {(qubits, params): schedule}}
- Tipo del valor devuelto
dict
- clbits¶
Returns a list of classical bits in the order that the registers were added.
- Tipo del valor devuelto
List
[Clbit
]
- data¶
Return the circuit data (instructions and context).
- Devuelve
a list-like object containing the
CircuitInstruction
s for each instruction.- Tipo del valor devuelto
QuantumCircuitData
- extension_lib = 'include "qelib1.inc";'¶
- global_phase¶
Return the global phase of the circuit in radians.
- Tipo del valor devuelto
Union
[ParameterExpression
,float
]
- header = 'OPENQASM 2.0;'¶
- instances = 87¶
- metadata¶
The user provided metadata associated with the circuit
The metadata for the circuit is a user provided
dict
of metadata for the circuit. It will not be used to influence the execution or operation of the circuit, but it is expected to be passed between all transforms of the circuit (ie transpilation) and that providers will associate any circuit metadata with the results it returns from execution of that circuit.- Tipo del valor devuelto
dict
- num_ancillas¶
Return the number of ancilla qubits.
- Tipo del valor devuelto
int
- num_clbits¶
Return number of classical bits.
- Tipo del valor devuelto
int
- num_parameters¶
Convenience function to get the number of parameter objects in the circuit.
- Tipo del valor devuelto
int
- num_qubits¶
Return number of qubits.
- Tipo del valor devuelto
int
- op_start_times¶
Return a list of operation start times.
This attribute is enabled once one of scheduling analysis passes runs on the quantum circuit.
- Tipo del valor devuelto
List
[int
]- Devuelve
List of integers representing instruction start times. The index corresponds to the index of instruction in
QuantumCircuit.data
.- Muestra
AttributeError – When circuit is not scheduled.
- parameters¶
Convenience function to get the parameters defined in the parameter table.
- Tipo del valor devuelto
ParameterView
- prefix = 'circuit'¶